κατά

κατά (bef. a vowel κατ᾽, καθ᾽; on the frequently neglect of elision, see Tdf., Pr., 95; WH, App., 146a),

prep. with genitive, accusative,

down, downwards.

I. C. genitive (WM, §47, k; Bl., §42, 2).

1. C. genitive of thing(s), in local sense;

(a) down, down from: Matthew 8:32, Mark 5:13, Luke 8:33, 1 Corinthians 11:4;

(b) throughout (late usage; Bl, l.with): κ. ὅλης κ.τ.λ., Luke 4:14; 23:5, Acts 9:31; 10:37;

(with) in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ. βάθους, deep or extreme poverty, 2 Corinthians 8:2.

2. C. genitive of person(s), usually in hostile sense;

(a) against (in cl. only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opposite to ὑπέρ, Mark 9:40; μετά, Matthew 12:30; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Galatians 5:17; λαλεῖν, Acts 6:13; διδάσκειν, Acts 21:28; ψεύδεσθαι, James 3:14; after verbs of accusing, etc., Matthew 5:23, Luke 23:14, Romans 8:33, al.; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., Matthew 10:35, Acts 14:2, 1 Corinthians 4:6, al.;

(b) of swearing, by: όμνυμι κ. (BL, §34, 1), Hebrews 6:13,16, cf. Matthew 26:63.

II. C. accusative (WM, §49d; BL, §42, 2).

1. Of motion or direction;

(a) through, throughout: Luke 8:39; 9:6; 10:4, Acts 8:1, 36 al.;

(b) to, towards, over against: Luke 10:32 (Field, Notes, 62), Acts 2:1o 16:7, Galatians 2:11, Philippians 3:14, al.;

(with) in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ᾽ οἶκον, at home, Acts 2:46; κατ᾽ ἰδίαν (see: ἴδιος); καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν, Acts 28:16, Romans 14:22, James 2:17; with pron. of person(s), Acts 17:28; 18:15, Romans 1:15, Ephesians 1:15, al.

2. Of time, at, during, about: Acts 8:26; 12:1; 19:23, Romans 9:9, Hebrews 1:10, al.

3. Distributive;

(a) of place: κ. τόποὐς, Matthew 24:7, al.; κ. πόλιν, Luke 8:1, 4 al.; κ. ἐκκλησίαν, Acts 14:23.

(b) of time: κ. ἔτος, Luke 2:41; ἑορτήν, Matthew 27:15, al.;

(with) of numbers, etc.: καθ᾽ ἕνα πάντες, 1 Corinthians 14:31 (on καθ᾽ εἷς, see: εἷς); κ. ἑκατόν, Mark 6:40; κ. μέρος, Hebrews 9:5; κ. ὄνομα, John 10:3.

4. Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.;

(a) in relation to, concerning: Romans 1:3, 4; 7:22; 9:3, 5, 1 Corinthians 12:6; 10:18, Philippians 1:12; κ. πάντα, Acts 17:22, Colossians 3:20, 22, Hebrews 2:17; 4:15;

(b) according to, after, like: Mark 7:5, Luke 2:27, 29, John 7:24, Romans 8:4; 14:15, Ephesians 2:2, Colossians 2:8, James 2:8, al.

III. In composition, κ. denotes,

1. down, down from (καταβαίνω), etc.), hence, metaphorically;

(a) victory or rule over (καταδουλόω, -κυριεύω, etc.);

(b) "perfective" action (M, Pr., 111ff.).

2. under (κατακαλύπτω), etc.).

3. in succession (καθεξῆς).

4. after, behind (καταλείπω).

5. Hostility, against (καταλαλέω).