οὐρανός

οὐρανός, -οῦ, ὁ,

[in LXX chiefly for שָׁמַיִם (hence, often pl., οἱ οὐ., see infr.) ;]

heaven;

1. of the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky and the aerial regions above the earth: opposite to ἡ γῆ, Hebrews 1:10, 2 Peter 3:5, 10; ὁ οὐ. καὶ ἡ γῆ, i.e. the world, the universe, Matthew 5:18, Mark 13:31, Luke 10:21, Acts 4:24, Revelation 10:6, al.; ἀπ᾽ ἄκρων οὐ. ἕως ἄ. αὐτῶν (on the absence of art. aft. prep., see Bl, §46, 5), Matthew 24:31; ὑπὸ τὸν οὐ., Acts 2:5, Colossians 1:23; ὑψωθῆναι ἕως τοῦ οὐ., figuratively, Matthew 11:23, Luke 10:15; σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐ., Matthew 16:1, Mark 8:11, al.; αἱ νεφέλαι, Matthew 24:30, al.; τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐ., Matthew 6:26, Mark 4:32, al.; οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐ., Revelation 6:13, al.; pl. (οἱ) οὐ. (Bl., §32, 5), Matthew 3:16, Mark 1:10, John 1:32, 2 Peter 3:7, 13 al.

2. Of the abode of God and other blessed beings: of angels, Matthew 24:36, Mark 12:25, Galatians 1:8, Revelation 10:1, al.; of Christ glorified, Mrk.16:[19], Luke 24:51, Acts 3:21, Romans 10:6, al.; of God, Matthew 5:34, Romans 1:18, al.; ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐ. (Dalman, Words, 184ff.), Matthew 5:16; 6:1, al.; θησαυρὸς ἐν οὐ., Matthew 6:20, Mark 10:21, al.

3. By meton.,

(a) of the inhabitants of heaven: Revelation 18:20 (cf. Revelation 12:12, Job 15:15, Isaiah 44:23);

(b) as an evasive reference to God, characteristic of later Judaism (Dalman, Words, 204ff.): Matthew 21:25, Mark 11:30, Luke 15:18, John 3:27, al.; ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐ. (= τοῦ Θεοῦ); see: βασιλεία).

βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ

(βασιλεύω), [in LXX chiefly for מַמְלָכָה ,מַלְכוּת ;]

1. prop. abstract, sovereignty, royal power, dominion: Luke 1:33; 22:29, John 18:36, Acts 1:6, Hebrews 1:8, 1 Corinthians 15:24; λαβεῖν β., Luke 19:12, 15, Revelation 17:12; δοῦναι τὴν, ib. 17; ἔχειν β., ib. 18; ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τ. (εἰς τὴν) β., Matthew 16:28, Luke 23:42; β. τ. θεοῦ, Revelation 12:10.

2. By meton., concrete (MM, Exp., x),

(a) a kingdom, the territory or people over whom the king rules (Esther 5:3, al.): Matthew 4:8; 12:25, 26; 24:7, Mark 3:24; 6:23, Luke 4:5, Hebrews 11:33, al.;

(b) the royal majesty (cf. our phrase His Majesty), the king himself (τ. σπέρμα τῆς β., 2 Kings 11:1).

3. In LXX (Wis.6.5, Tob.13.1, al.), Targ. and NT, of the Messianic rule and kingdom, ἡ β. τ. θεοῦ, τ. οὐρανῶν (Heb. מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, Aram. מַלְכוּתָא דִשׁמַיָּא; see Dalman, Words, 91-147; Cremer, 132, 658), the kingdom of God (on the equivalence of the two phrases, see Dalman, op. cit., 93, 218f.); τ. θεοῦ, Matthew 6:33; 12:28, al.; τ. οὐρανῶν, Matthew 3:2; 4:17, al.; τ. Χριστοῦ (מַלִכוּת דִמְשִׁיחא, Targ. Jon. on Isaiah 53:10), Ephesians 5:5; τ. κυρίου, 2 Peter 1:11, Revelation 11:15; τ. Δαυείδ, Mark 11:10; absol., ἡ β., Matthew 4:23, James 2:5, al. The kingdom is regarded as present: Matthew 11:12, Luke 17:21, Romans 14:17, al.; as that which is to be consummated in the future, Matthew 6:10, Mark 9:1, John 3:5, 2 Peter 1:11, al. Noteworthy phrases are: ζητεῖν τὴν β., Matthew 6:33; δέχεσθαι, Mark 10:15; κλρονομεῖν, Matthew 25:34; διδόναι, Luke 12:32; παραλαμβάνειν, Hebrews 12:28; αὐτῶν (τοιούτων) εστὶν ἡ β., Matthew 5:3, 10; 19:14, Mark 10:14, Luke 18:16; διὰ τὴν β., Matthew 19:12; ἕνεκεν τῆς β., Luke 18:29; εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, κηρύσσειν, διαγγέλλειν τὴν β., Luke 4:43; 9:2, 60; ἤγγικεν ἡ β., Matthew 3:2, Mark 1:15; κλεῖς τῆς β., Matthew 16:10; κλείειν τὴν β., Matthew 23:14; υἱοὶ τῆς β., Matthew 8:12; 13:38 (cf. Cremer, 132, 658).

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