Keraia
Lexicon

πνεῦμα

pneumaspirit/breath: spirit
greekNew TestamentNoun · neuter379 occurrences25 books344 verses

Definition

πνεῦμα, -τος, τό,

[in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;]

1. of air in motion;

(a) wind: John 3:8; pl., Hebrews 1:7 (LXX);

(b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Revelation 11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2 Thessalonians 2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6).

2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luke 8:55, John 19:30, Acts 7:59, al.; opposite to σάρξ, Matthew 26:41, Mark 14:38, 1 Corinthians 5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Romans 8:10, 1 Corinthians 6:17; 7:34, 1 Peter 4:6; to ψυχή, Philippians 1:27, Hebrews 4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1 Thessalonians 5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mark 2:8; 8:12, John 11:33; 13:21, Acts 18:25, Romans 12:11, 1 Corinthians 7:34, 1 Peter 3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Romans 1:4, 1 Timothy 3:16.

3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luke 1:17, Romans 8:15, 1 Corinthians 4:21, Galatians 6:1, Ephesians 2:2, 2 Timothy 1:7, 1 John 4:6, al.

4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luke 24:37, 39, Acts 23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, John 4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Hebrews 12:9; of disembodied human beings, Hebrews 12:23, 1 Peter 3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. Hebrews 1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Matthew 8:16, Mark 9:20, Luke 9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Acts 16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Revelation 16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luke 4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luke 13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Matthew 10:1, Mark 1:23, Luke 4:36, Acts 5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mark 9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luke 7:21, Acts 19:12, al.

5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Matthew 1:18; 3:11, 16 4:1, Mark 1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luke 1:15, John 7:39, Acts 19:2, Romans 5:5, 1 Corinthians 2:4, al.; with art., Matthew 4:1; 12:31, 32, Mark 1:10; 3:29, Luke 2:26, John 7:36; 14:26, Acts 4:31; 5:3, Romans 8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Matthew 3:16, Romans 8:9, Ephesians 3:16, 1 John 4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Matthew 10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2 Corinthians 3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luke 4:18, Acts 5:9; 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Acts 16:7; Χριστοῦ, Romans 8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Philippians 1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, John 15:26; 16:13, 1 John 4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Acts 21:11; 28:25, 1 Timothy 4:1, Hebrews 3:7; 10:15, Revelation 14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Revelation 2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luke 2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Romans 8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., John 3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Hebrews 9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2 Thessalonians 2:13, 1 Peter 1:2; ἓν π., 1 Corinthians 12:13, Ephesians 2:18; 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2 Corinthians 3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Romans 2:29; 7:6, 2 Corinthians 3:6.

Synonyms: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" (DB, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" (DB, 1-vol., 872).

Where it occurs

Old TestamentNew Testament

Occurrences

379 total
  1. 1 John 5:6 (2×)Πνεῦμά · Spirit; Πνεῦμά · Spirit
    This is the One who came by water and blood, Jesus Christ—not by water alone, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit who testifies to this, because the Spirit is the truth.
  2. 1 John 5:8Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    …the Spirit, the water, and the blood—and these three are in agreement.
  3. Jude 1:19Πνεῦμα · [the] Spirit
    These are the ones who cause divisions, who are worldly and devoid of the Spirit.
  4. Jude 1:20Πνεύματι · Spirit
    But you, beloved, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit,
  5. Revelation 1:4Πνευμάτων · spirits
    John, To the seven churches in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from Him who is and was and is to come, and from the seven spirits before His throne,
  6. Revelation 1:10Πνεύματι · [the] Spirit
    On the Lord’s day I was in the Spirit, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet,
  7. Revelation 2:7Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who overcomes, I will grant the right to eat from the tree of life in the Paradise of God.
  8. Revelation 2:11Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. The one who overcomes will not be harmed by the second death.
  9. Revelation 2:17Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who overcomes, I will give the hidden manna. I will also give him a white stone inscribed with a new name, known only to the one who receives it.
  10. Revelation 2:29Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.
  11. Revelation 3:1Πνεύματα · spirits
    “To the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of the One who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds; you have a reputation for being alive, yet you are dead.
  12. Revelation 3:6Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.
  13. Revelation 3:13Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.
  14. Revelation 3:22Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”
  15. Revelation 4:2Πνεύματι · [the] Spirit
    At once I was in the Spirit, and I saw a throne standing in heaven, with someone seated on it.
  16. Revelation 4:5Πνεύματα · spirits
    From the throne came flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder. Before the throne burned seven torches of fire. These are the seven spirits of God.
  17. Revelation 5:6Πνεύματα · spirits
    Then I saw a Lamb who appeared to have been slain, standing in the center of the throne, encircled by the four living creatures and the elders. The Lamb had seven horns and seven eyes, which represent the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.
  18. Revelation 11:11πνεῦμα · [the] breath
    But after the three and a half days, the breath of life from God entered the two witnesses, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell upon those who saw them.
  19. Revelation 13:15πνεῦμα · breath
    The second beast was permitted to give breath to the image of the first beast, so that the image could speak and cause all who refused to worship it to be killed.
  20. Revelation 14:13Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    And I heard a voice from heaven telling me to write, “Blessed are the dead—those who die in the Lord from this moment on.” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labors, for their deeds will follow them.”
  21. Revelation 16:13πνεύματα · spirits
    And I saw three unclean spirits that looked like frogs coming out of the mouths of the dragon, the beast, and the false prophet.
  22. Revelation 16:14πνεύματα · spirits
    These are demonic spirits that perform signs and go out to all the kings of the earth, to assemble them for battle on the great day of God the Almighty.
  23. Revelation 17:3Πνεύματι · [the] Spirit
    And the angel carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness, where I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was covered with blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns.
  24. Revelation 18:2πνεύματος · spirit
    And he cried out in a mighty voice: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons and a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast.
  25. Revelation 19:10πνεῦμα · spirit
    So I fell at his feet to worship him. But he told me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who rely on the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”
  26. Revelation 21:10Πνεύματι · [the] Spirit
    And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,
  27. Revelation 22:6πνευμάτων · spirits
    Then the angel said to me, “These words are faithful and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent His angel to show His servants what must soon take place.”
  28. Revelation 22:17Πνεῦμα · Spirit
    The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely.