the Virgin Daughter of Judah: God cared for Jerusalem, like a father protecting his daughter. But she continued to sin, and her punishment was horrible.
Like grapes in a winepress: In ancient times, people crushed grapes by walking on them in a winepress (a large container used to press out juice). The juice flowed out as the grapes were crushed. This image shows how complete and forceful the punishment was.
Isaiah uses this picture to describe judgment in Isaiah 63:3. In Revelation 14:18–20 and 19:15, this image describes God’s judgment on the whole earth.