In the ancient world, people sometimes punished an adulterous wife by stripping her naked. This public act exposed in public what she had done in private (her unfaithfulness in marriage). This was meant to bring shame as punishment for adultery (see study note on Ezekiel 16:35–38).
In a similar way, the Babylonians took away everything valuable from Jerusalem and Judah. They left the people exposed and ashamed before other nations.