The explanation of the parable of the four soils uses an allegory (a story where each part has a deeper meaning). The farmer represents someone who shares God’s word (4:14). The four types of soil represent different ways people respond to that message.
The main point of the parable is that people should be like good soil and listen to God’s word (4:9). Only those who produce a crop (show a changed life) and continue faithfully to the end will be saved (13:13; 8:35; Revelation 2:10–11).