the same spiritual food: God provided food and water supernaturally in the wilderness for the Israelites (see Exodus 16:4–35; 17:1–7; Numbers 20:2–17). The Corinthians faced a similar situation.
the spiritual rock that accompanied them: refers to the rock Moses struck to get water (Exodus 17:1–7; Numbers 20:2–17). Early Jewish tradition believed both miracles involved the same traveling rock.
that rock was Christ: Paul explains Israel's experience as a parallel to God's provision in the wilderness and the Lord's Supper (1 Corinthians 10:14–18; compare John 4:14; 7:37–39; Revelation 22:17). Both Israelites and Christians share in Christ's spiritual provisions. Just as the Israelites were judged for their sins, Christians will also be judged if they sin (1 Corinthians 10:5–22).