The descendants of Elam lived in what is now southwestern Iran (see 14:1, 9; Ezra 4:9; Isaiah 11:11).
The descendants of Asshur became the Assyrians, who lived under Nimrod's rule (see Genesis 10:11). Sumerians, who descended from Ham, were expelled by Mesopotamian Semites.
Arphaxad may have settled northeast of Nineveh. There is more information about his descendants in 11:12–26.
Lud was near the Tigris River. The people of Lud were related to the Lydians (see 10:13).
Aram was a kingdom of tribes living in the Mesopotamian plains.