The numbers in this second registration describe a completely new generation of Hebrews. Everyone who had left Egypt had died in the wilderness except Caleb and Joshua.
Joshua became the leader of Israel after Moses (27:12–23; see “Joshua” Profile). Caleb also later played an important role in Israel’s history (see “Caleb” Profile).
Numbers 26 shows an important change. The earlier generation had lived under God’s judgment because of their unbelief (chapter 14). Now a new generation stood ready for the future, just as Balaam’s four prophecies had promised (chapters 23–24).