provoked My jealousy: The Lord was not upset because people paid attention to false gods. Israel had broken their covenant by worshiping other gods. This showed their disrespect for God and his authority (see 32:16).
those who are not a people: God’s plan for Israel was not only to save them, but also to save all nations through them. Israel often saw other nations as worthless. By showing care for other nations, God would lead Israel back to obedience (see Hosea 1:9; 2:23; Romans 9:25; 10:19).