Each of the five minor judges (see also Isaiah 12:8–15) led Israel for a set number of years. During this time after Gideon, the phrase the land had rest for forty years (Judges 3:11, 30; 5:31; 8:28) does not appear again. The details about these mysterious figures include their birthplaces and burial sites, and sometimes a brief family history or notable family traits. Four of the five names are found in other family records:
Tola and Puah are clans of Issachar (Genesis 46:13; Numbers 26:23)
Elon is a descendant of Zebulun (Genesis 46:14; Numbers 26:26)
Jair is mentioned in several places (see Numbers 32:41; Deuteronomy 3:14; Joshua 13:30; 1 Kings 4:13)
The absence of specific military achievements and the frequent mention of “judging” suggest they had administrative or judicial roles.