By 717 BC, Assyria controlled the regions north of Judah. These areas had fallen one by one.
Calno was a city in northern Syria. It is called Calneh in Amos 6:2. The Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III captured it in 738 BC.
Carchemish stood on the Euphrates River. King Sargon II captured it in 717 BC.
Hamath was located on the Orontes River. Assyria brought it under control in 738 BC and again in 720 BC.
Arpad was a city south of Calno. Damascus and Samaria were the capital cities of Syria and Israel. Assyria captured Damascus in 732 BC and Samaria in 722 BC (Isaiah 7:8; 8:4).