Study note

Isaiah 19:18

  • five cities in the land of Egypt: This likely means "a number of cities" (see also Isaiah 17:6; 30:17).

  • Jews living in Egypt after Jerusalem's destruction spoke Hebrew, referred to here as the language of Canaan.

  • Heliopolis was dedicated to Re, the sun god. When Judah resisted the Lord, Isaiah imagined the Egyptians following the Lord.