Ahab

Ahab, son of Omri, reigned as king of Israel and did evil in the sight of the Lord.

The name Ahab means “uncle, or father's brother”

MaleKingIsraelDivided Monarchy eraOld Testament4 books101 verses

Summary

A king of Northern Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1 Kings 16:28; only referred to as Ahab (אַחְאָב); a son of Omri; husband of Jezebel; father of Joash, Ahaziah, Joram, Athaliah.

Profile

Ahab, the eighth king of Israel, took over the northern kingdom from his strong father, Omri (1 Kings 16:27–28). He ruled Israel from 874 to 853 BC. Ahab married Jezebel, the daughter of King Ethbaal of Sidon. Influenced by her, Ahab started worshiping Baal instead of the Lord (1 Kings 16:29–33).

Ahab won several battles. He defeated the Arameans (1 Kings 20:1–34). In 853 BC, he led a group of kings against the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III, winning the Battle of Qarqar. However, the Old Testament shares little good news about Ahab, who betrayed God. God sent the prophet Elijah to challenge Ahab, Jezebel, and their prophets and to reaffirm the true God's supremacy (1 Kings 17:1; 18:1–46).

Ahab not only betrayed the Lord, but he also treated his people badly, as shown in the story of Naboth and his vineyard (1 Kings 21:1–29). In Israel, people owned their land as a gift from God. When Ahab wanted to take Naboth's vineyard and Naboth refused, Ahab became frustrated. Jezebel, who knew a different kind of kingship where kings took what they wanted, helped Ahab by telling lies about Naboth to have him killed. Naboth was executed on false charges, and Ahab took the land. However, the Lord did not let Ahab escape punishment. He sent Elijah to announce a death sentence for Ahab and his family.

War began again with Aram, and Ahab asked Jehoshaphat, the southern king, to be his ally (1 Kings 22:2–4; 2 Chronicles 18:1–3). Jehoshaphat still believed in the Lord, so he convinced Ahab to consult God's prophet Micaiah. Micaiah predicted that this battle would end Ahab's life (1 Kings 22:5–28; 2 Chronicles 18:4–27). Ahab tried to avoid this by wearing ordinary armor and having Jehoshaphat wear royal battle clothes as a decoy, but he could not deceive God. An archer's arrow hit the joint of Ahab's armor, and he died, "according to the word that the LORD had spoken" (1 Kings 22:38).

Passages for Further Study

1 Kings 16:29–22:53; 2 Chronicles 18:1–34; Micah 6:16

Events

Dates are approximate

Glossary entries

Ahab (King)

Family members

Father

Omri

Spouse

Jezebel

Children

Ahaziah Athaliah Joash Joram

Alternative names

Mentions

Includes 22 verses that refer to Ahab without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.

  1. And Omri rested with his fathers and was buried in Samaria, and his son Ahab reigned in his place.
  2. In the thirty-eighth year of Asa’s reign over Judah, Ahab son of Omri became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twenty-two years.
  3. However, Ahab son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD, more than all who were before him.
  4. 1 Kings 16:31Referred to, not named
    And as if it were not enough for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, he even married Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians, and he then proceeded to serve and worship Baal.
  5. 1 Kings 16:32Referred to, not named
    First, Ahab set up an altar for Baal in the temple of Baal that he had built in Samaria.
  6. Then he set up an Asherah pole. Thus Ahab did more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger than all the kings of Israel before him.
  7. 1 Kings 16:34Referred to, not named
    In Ahab’s days, Hiel the Bethelite rebuilt Jericho. At the cost of Abiram his firstborn he laid its foundation, and at the cost of Segub his youngest he set up its gates, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through Joshua son of Nun.
  8. Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was among the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As surely as the LORD, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there will be neither dew nor rain in these years except at my word!”
  9. After a long time, in the third year of the drought, the word of the LORD came to Elijah: “Go and present yourself to Ahab, and I will send rain upon the face of the earth.”
  10. So Elijah went to present himself to Ahab. The famine was severe in Samaria,
  11. …and Ahab summoned Obadiah, who was in charge of the palace. (Now Obadiah greatly feared the LORD,
  12. Then Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go throughout the land to every spring and every valley. Perhaps we will find grass to keep the horses and mules alive so that we will not have to destroy any livestock.”
  13. So they divided the land to explore. Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went the other way by himself.
  14. But Obadiah replied, “How have I sinned, that you are handing your servant over to Ahab to put me to death?
  15. I do not know where the Spirit of the LORD may carry you off when I leave you. Then when I go and tell Ahab and he does not find you, he will kill me. But I, your servant, have feared the LORD from my youth.
  16. 1 Kings 18:14Referred to, not named
    And now you say, ‘Go tell your lord that Elijah is here!’ He will kill me!”
  17. 1 Kings 18:15Referred to, not named
    Then Elijah said, “As surely as the LORD of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, I will present myself to Ahab today.”
  18. So Obadiah went to inform Ahab, who went to meet Elijah.
  19. When Ahab saw Elijah, he said to him, “Is that you, O troubler of Israel?”
  20. 1 Kings 18:18Referred to, not named
    “I have not troubled Israel,” Elijah replied, “but you and your father’s house have, for you have forsaken the commandments of the LORD and have followed the Baals.
  21. 1 Kings 18:19Referred to, not named
    Now summon all Israel to meet me on Mount Carmel, along with the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
  22. So Ahab summoned all the Israelites and assembled the prophets on Mount Carmel.
  23. And Elijah said to Ahab, “Go up, eat and drink, for there is the sound of a heavy rain.”
  24. So Ahab went up to eat and drink. But Elijah climbed to the summit of Carmel, bent down on the ground, and put his face between his knees.
  25. On the seventh time the servant reported, “There is a cloud as small as a man’s hand rising from the sea.” And Elijah replied, “Go and tell Ahab, ‘Prepare your chariot and go down before the rain stops you.’”
  26. Meanwhile, the sky grew dark with clouds and wind, and a heavy rain began to fall. So Ahab rode away and went to Jezreel.
  27. And the hand of the LORD came upon Elijah, and he tucked his cloak into his belt and ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.
  28. Now Ahab told Jezebel everything that Elijah had done and how he had killed all the prophets with the sword.
  29. Then he sent messengers into the city to Ahab king of Israel,
  30. 1 Kings 20:3Referred to, not named
    …saying, “This is what Ben-hadad says: ‘Your silver and gold are mine, and your best wives and children are mine!’”
  31. Meanwhile a prophet approached Ahab king of Israel and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘Do you see this entire great army? Behold, I will deliver it into your hand this very day, and you will know that I am the LORD.’”
  32. “By whom?” Ahab asked. And the prophet replied, “This is what the LORD says: ‘By the young officers of the district governors.’” “Who will start the battle?” asked Ahab. “You will,” answered the prophet.
  33. 1 Kings 20:15Referred to, not named
    So Ahab assembled the young officers of the district governors, and there were 232 men. And after them, he assembled the rest of the Israelite troops, 7,000 in all.
  34. 1 Kings 20:16Referred to, not named
    They marched out at noon while Ben-hadad and the 32 kings allied with him were in their tents getting drunk.
  35. Some time after these events, Naboth the Jezreelite owned a vineyard in Jezreel next to the palace of Ahab king of Samaria.
  36. So Ahab said to Naboth, “Give me your vineyard to use as a vegetable garden, since it is next to my palace. I will give you a better vineyard in its place—or if you prefer, I will give you its value in silver.”
  37. But Naboth replied, “The LORD forbid that I should give you the inheritance of my fathers.”
  38. So Ahab went to his palace, sullen and angry because Naboth the Jezreelite had told him, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” He lay down on his bed, turned his face away, and refused to eat.
  39. 1 Kings 21:5Referred to, not named
    Soon his wife Jezebel came in and asked, “Why are you so sullen that you refuse to eat?”
  40. 1 Kings 21:6Referred to, not named
    Ahab answered, “Because I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite and told him, ‘Give me your vineyard for silver, or if you wish, I will give you another vineyard in its place.’ And he replied, ‘I will not give you my vineyard!’”
  41. 1 Kings 21:7Referred to, not named
    But his wife Jezebel said to him, “Do you not reign over Israel? Get up, eat some food, and be cheerful, for I will get you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.”
  42. Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city.
  43. When Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned to death, she said to Ahab, “Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, who refused to give it to you for silver. For Naboth is no longer alive, but dead.”
  44. And when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, he got up and went down to take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.
  45. “Get up and go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, who is in Samaria. See, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone to take possession of it.
  46. 1 Kings 21:19Referred to, not named
    Tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Have you not murdered a man and seized his land?’ Then tell him that this is also what the LORD says: ‘In the place where the dogs licked up the blood of Naboth, there also the dogs will lick up your blood—yes, yours!’”
  47. When Elijah arrived, Ahab said to him, “So you have found me out, my enemy.” He replied, “I have found you out because you have sold yourself to do evil in the sight of the LORD.
  48. This is what the LORD says: ‘I will bring calamity on you and consume your descendants; I will cut off from Ahab every male in Israel, both slave and free.
  49. 1 Kings 21:22Referred to, not named
    I will make your house like that of Jeroboam son of Nebat and like that of Baasha son of Ahijah, because you have provoked My anger and caused Israel to sin.’
  50. Anyone belonging to Ahab who dies in the city will be eaten by dogs, and anyone who dies in the field will be eaten by the birds of the air.”
  51. (Surely there was never one like Ahab, who sold himself to do evil in the sight of the LORD, incited by his wife Jezebel.
  52. 1 Kings 21:26Referred to, not named
    He committed the most detestable acts by going after idols, just like the Amorites whom the LORD had driven out before the Israelites.)
  53. When Ahab heard these words, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, and fasted. He lay down in sackcloth and walked around meekly.
  54. “Have you seen how Ahab has humbled himself before Me? Because he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the calamity during his days, but I will bring it upon his house in the days of his son.”
  55. And the LORD said, ‘Who will entice Ahab to march up and fall at Ramoth-gilead?’ And one suggested this, and another that.
  56. 1 Kings 22:21Referred to, not named
    Then a spirit came forward, stood before the LORD, and said, ‘I will entice him.’ ‘By what means?’ asked the LORD.
  57. 1 Kings 22:22Referred to, not named
    And he replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ ‘You will surely entice him and prevail,’ said the LORD. ‘Go and do it.’
  58. As for the rest of the acts of Ahab, along with all his accomplishments and the ivory palace and all the cities he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?
  59. And Ahab rested with his fathers, and his son Ahaziah reigned in his place.
  60. In the fourth year of Ahab’s reign over Israel, Jehoshaphat son of Asa became king of Judah.
  61. At that time Ahaziah son of Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, “Let my servants sail with your servants,” but Jehoshaphat refused.
  62. In the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah, Ahaziah son of Ahab became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria two years.
  63. After the death of Ahab, Moab rebelled against Israel.
  64. In the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah, Jehoram son of Ahab became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twelve years.
  65. But after the death of Ahab, the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel.
  66. In the fifth year of the reign of Joram son of Ahab over Israel, Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat succeeded his father as king of Judah.
  67. And Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, just as the house of Ahab had done. For he married a daughter of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD.
  68. In the twelfth year of the reign of Joram son of Ahab over Israel, Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
  69. And Ahaziah walked in the ways of the house of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD like the house of Ahab, for he was a son-in-law of the house of Ahab.
  70. Then Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab to fight against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead, and the Arameans wounded Joram.
  71. So King Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds that the Arameans had inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to Jezreel to visit Joram son of Ahab, because Joram had been wounded.
  72. And you are to strike down the house of your master Ahab, so that I may avenge the blood of My servants the prophets and the blood of all the servants of the LORD shed by the hand of Jezebel.
  73. The whole house of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male, both slave and free, in Israel.
  74. I will make the house of Ahab like the houses of Jeroboam son of Nebat and Baasha son of Ahijah.
  75. And Jehu said to Bidkar his officer, “Pick him up and throw him into the field of Naboth the Jezreelite. For remember that when you and I were riding together behind his father Ahab, the LORD lifted up this burden against him:
  76. 2 Kings 9:26Referred to, not named
    ‘As surely as I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons yesterday, declares the LORD, so will I repay you on this plot of ground, declares the LORD.’ Now then, according to the word of the LORD, pick him up and throw him on the plot of ground.”
  77. (In the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab, Ahaziah had become king over Judah.)
  78. Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the officials of Jezreel, to the elders, and to the guardians of the sons of Ahab, saying:
  79. Know, then, that not a word the LORD has spoken against the house of Ahab will fail, for the LORD has done what He promised through His servant Elijah.”
  80. So Jehu killed everyone in Jezreel who remained of the house of Ahab, as well as all his great men and close friends and priests, leaving him without a single survivor.
  81. When Jehu came to Samaria, he struck down everyone belonging to Ahab who remained there, until he had destroyed them, according to the word that the LORD had spoken to Elijah.
  82. Then Jehu brought all the people together and said, “Ahab served Baal a little, but Jehu will serve him a lot.
  83. Nevertheless, the LORD said to Jehu, “Because you have done well in carrying out what is right in My sight and have done to the house of Ahab all that was in My heart, four generations of your sons will sit on the throne of Israel.”
  84. For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed, and he raised up altars for Baal. He made an Asherah pole, as King Ahab of Israel had done, and he worshiped and served all the host of heaven.
  85. I will stretch out over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria and the plumb line used against the house of Ahab, and I will wipe out Jerusalem as one wipes out a bowl—wiping it and turning it upside down.
  86. Now Jehoshaphat had an abundance of riches and honor, and he allied himself with Ahab by marriage.
  87. And some years later he went down to visit Ahab in Samaria, where Ahab sacrificed many sheep and cattle for him and the people with him and urged him to march up to Ramoth-gilead.
  88. Ahab king of Israel asked Jehoshaphat king of Judah, “Will you go with me against Ramoth-gilead?” And Jehoshaphat replied, “I am as you are, and my people are your people; we will join you in the war.”
  89. And the LORD said, ‘Who will entice Ahab king of Israel to march up and fall at Ramoth-gilead?’ And one suggested this, and another that.
  90. 2 Chronicles 18:20Referred to, not named
    Then a spirit came forward, stood before the LORD, and said, ‘I will entice him.’ ‘By what means?’ asked the LORD.
  91. 2 Chronicles 18:21Referred to, not named
    And he replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ ‘You will surely entice him and prevail,’ said the LORD. ‘Go and do it.’
  92. 2 Chronicles 18:22Referred to, not named
    So you see, the LORD has put a lying spirit in the mouths of these prophets of yours, and the LORD has pronounced disaster against you.”
  93. And Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, just as the house of Ahab had done. For he married a daughter of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD.
  94. …but you have walked in the ways of the kings of Israel and have caused Judah and the people of Jerusalem to prostitute themselves, just as the house of Ahab prostituted itself. You have also killed your brothers, your father’s family, who were better than you.
  95. Ahaziah also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab, for his mother was his counselor in wickedness.
  96. And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, as the house of Ahab had done, for to his destruction they were his counselors after the death of his father.
  97. Ahaziah also followed their counsel and went with Joram son of Ahab king of Israel to fight against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead. But the Arameans wounded Joram.
  98. So he returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds they had inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to Jezreel to visit Joram son of Ahab, because Joram had been wounded.
  99. Ahaziah’s downfall came from God when he went to visit Joram. When Ahaziah arrived, he went out with Joram to meet Jehu son of Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to destroy the house of Ahab.
  100. So while Jehu was executing judgment on the house of Ahab, he found the rulers of Judah and the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers who were serving Ahaziah, and he killed them.
  101. You have kept the statutes of Omri and all the practices of Ahab’s house; you have followed their counsel. Therefore I will make you a desolation, and your inhabitants an object of contempt; you will bear the scorn of the nations.”