Jeremiah

Jeremiah, the son of Hilkiah, was a prophet who ministered during the reigns of the last kings of Judah, warning of the Babylonian exile and calling for repentance.

The name Jeremiah means “exaltation of the Lord”

MaleProphetDivided Monarchy eraOld & New Testaments5 books357 verses

Summary

A prophet living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2 Chronicles 35:25; referred to as Jeremiah (יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ) or Jeremiah; a son of Hilkiah.

Profile

Jeremiah was a prophet in Jerusalem before its destruction in 586 BC. People sometimes call him the "weeping prophet" because he shared his struggles and sorrows while delivering God's messages.

Jeremiah was born in Anathoth, near Jerusalem, during Manasseh’s reign. His father was Hilkiah from the tribe of Benjamin. Jeremiah became a prophet in the thirteenth year of Josiah’s reign (627 BC). At first, Jeremiah hesitated to accept his role (Jeremiah 1:6), but God promised to guide and protect him and to provide the words he needed, even when facing opposition (Jeremiah 1:7–8, 18–19).

Jeremiah warned the kings and people of Judah to repent to avoid exile. They had broken God's covenant (special agreement), mainly through idol worship (Jeremiah 10:1–16), and faced the consequences (Deuteronomy 27–28). They refused God's call to repent, so Jeremiah later announced that God's judgment was unavoidable.

Judah's leaders especially disliked Jeremiah. King Jehoiakim despised him and tried to stop him from speaking. King Zedekiah secretly asked for Jeremiah's advice but gave in to his officials when they wanted to silence the prophet. However, God's word could not be stopped. The promised judgment occurred in 586 BC: Jerusalem was attacked, the temple was destroyed, and Judah's leaders were either killed or sent to Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, knew about Jeremiah and liked him (Jeremiah 39:11–12). Because of this, the captain of the Babylonian army let Jeremiah stay with the people left in Judah. Jeremiah advised those who stayed to accept Babylon's rule, even after Judean rebels killed Gedaliah, the governor appointed by Babylon. The Judeans ignored Jeremiah's advice and fled to Egypt. Jeremiah was taken with them, and little more is known about him after that. Tradition says he was stoned to death by Jewish exiles in Tahpanhes, Egypt.

Jeremiah was constantly rejected, imprisoned, and physically abuse during his life. But, his ministry did have positive aspects. He predicted that the exile to Babylon would be temporary (Jeremiah 25:1–14) and that God would create a new covenant with his people (31:31–34). Jesus Christ fulfilled this promise (Luke 22:20).

Passages for Further Study

2 Chronicles 35:25; 36:12, 21; Jeremiah 1:1–10; Jeremiah 13:1–14; 18:1–12; 19:1–20:6; 24:1–10; 26:1–29:32; 32:1–15; 36:1–44:30; Daniel 9:2; Matthew 16:14; 27:9

Events

Dates are approximate

Glossary entries

Jeremiah (Person)

Family members

Father

Hilkiah

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Alternative names

Mentions

357 verses

Includes 233 verses that refer to Jeremiah without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.

  1. Jeremiah 28:8Referred to, not named
    The prophets of old who preceded you and me prophesied war, disaster, and plague against many lands and great kingdoms.
  2. Then the prophet Hananiah took the yoke off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it.
  3. And in the presence of all the people Hananiah proclaimed, “This is what the LORD says: ‘In this way, within two years I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon off the neck of all the nations.’” At this, Jeremiah the prophet went on his way.
  4. But shortly after Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke off his neck, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  5. Jeremiah 28:13Referred to, not named
    “Go and tell Hananiah that this is what the LORD says: ‘You have broken a yoke of wood, but in its place you have fashioned a yoke of iron.’
  6. Then the prophet Jeremiah said to the prophet Hananiah, “Listen, Hananiah! The LORD did not send you, but you have persuaded this people to trust in a lie.
  7. This is the text of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the surviving elders among the exiles and to the priests, the prophets, and all the others Nebuchadnezzar had carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.
  8. Jeremiah 29:24Referred to, not named
    You are to tell Shemaiah the Nehelamite that
  9. So now, why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth, who poses as a prophet among you?
  10. Jeremiah 29:28Referred to, not named
    For he has sent to us in Babylon, claiming: Since the exile will be lengthy, build houses and settle down; plant gardens and eat their produce.’”
  11. (Zephaniah the priest, however, had read this letter to Jeremiah the prophet.)
  12. Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  13. Jeremiah 29:31Referred to, not named
    “Send a message telling all the exiles what the LORD says concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite. Because Shemaiah has prophesied to you—though I did not send him—and has made you trust in a lie,
  14. This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD:
  15. Jeremiah 30:2Referred to, not named
    “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Write in a book all the words that I have spoken to you.
  16. Jeremiah 31:3Referred to, not named
    The LORD appeared to us in the past, saying: “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore I have drawn you with loving devotion.
  17. Jeremiah 31:26Referred to, not named
    At this I awoke and looked around. My sleep had been most pleasant to me.
  18. This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar.
  19. At that time the army of the king of Babylon was besieging Jerusalem, and Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned in the courtyard of the guard, which was in the palace of the king of Judah.
  20. Jeremiah 32:3Referred to, not named
    For Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him, saying: “Why are you prophesying like this? You claim that the LORD says, ‘Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it.
  21. Jeremiah replied, “The word of the LORD came to me, saying:
  22. Jeremiah 32:7Referred to, not named
    Behold! Hanamel, the son of your uncle Shallum, is coming to you to say, ‘Buy for yourself my field in Anathoth, for you have the right of redemption to buy it.’
  23. Jeremiah 32:8Referred to, not named
    Then, as the LORD had said, my cousin Hanamel came to me in the courtyard of the guard and urged me, ‘Please buy my field in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, for you own the right of inheritance and redemption. Buy it for yourself.’” Then I knew that this was the word of the LORD.
  24. Jeremiah 32:9Referred to, not named
    So I bought the field in Anathoth from my cousin Hanamel, and I weighed out seventeen shekels of silver.
  25. Jeremiah 32:10Referred to, not named
    I signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the scales.
  26. Jeremiah 32:11Referred to, not named
    Then I took the deed of purchase—the sealed copy with its terms and conditions, as well as the open copy—
  27. Jeremiah 32:12Referred to, not named
    …and I gave this deed to Baruch son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the sight of my cousin Hanamel and the witnesses who were signing the purchase agreement and all the Jews sitting in the courtyard of the guard.
  28. Jeremiah 32:13Referred to, not named
    In their sight I instructed Baruch,
  29. Jeremiah 32:16Referred to, not named
    After I had given the deed of purchase to Baruch son of Neriah, I prayed to the LORD:
  30. Jeremiah 32:17Referred to, not named
    “Oh, Lord GOD! You have made the heavens and the earth by Your great power and outstretched arm. Nothing is too difficult for You!
  31. Jeremiah 32:25Referred to, not named
    Yet You, O Lord GOD, have said to me, ‘Buy for yourself the field with silver and call in witnesses, even though the city has been delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans!’”
  32. Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  33. While Jeremiah was still confined in the courtyard of the guard, the word of the LORD came to him a second time:
  34. Jeremiah 33:3Referred to, not named
    Call to Me, and I will answer and show you great and unsearchable things you do not know.
  35. And the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  36. Moreover, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  37. Jeremiah 33:24Referred to, not named
    “Have you not noticed what these people are saying: ‘The LORD has rejected the two families He had chosen’? So they despise My people and no longer regard them as a nation.
  38. This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, all his army, all the earthly kingdoms under his control, and all the other nations were fighting against Jerusalem and all its surrounding cities.
  39. Jeremiah 34:2Referred to, not named
    The LORD, the God of Israel, told Jeremiah to go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah and tell him that this is what the LORD says: “Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it down.
  40. In Jerusalem, then, Jeremiah the prophet relayed all these words to Zedekiah king of Judah
  41. After King Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people in Jerusalem to proclaim liberty, the word came to Jeremiah from the LORD
  42. Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying,
  43. This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah:
  44. Jeremiah 35:2Referred to, not named
    “Go to the house of the Rechabites, speak to them, and bring them to one of the chambers of the house of the LORD to offer them a drink of wine.”
  45. Jeremiah 35:3Referred to, not named
    So I took Jaazaniah son of Jeremiah, the son of Habazziniah, and his brothers and all his sons—the entire house of the Rechabites—
  46. Jeremiah 35:4Referred to, not named
    …and I brought them into the house of the LORD, to a chamber occupied by the sons of Hanan son of Igdaliah, a man of God. This room was near the chamber of the officials, which was above the chamber of Maaseiah son of Shallum the doorkeeper.
  47. Jeremiah 35:5Referred to, not named
    Then I set pitchers full of wine and some cups before the men of the house of the Rechabites, and I said to them, “Drink some wine.”
  48. Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  49. Jeremiah 35:13Referred to, not named
    “This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: Go and tell the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem: ‘Will you not accept discipline and obey My words?’ declares the LORD.
  50. Then Jeremiah said to the house of the Rechabites: “This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Because you have obeyed the command of your forefather Jonadab and have kept all his commandments and have done all that he charged you to do,
  51. In the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD:
  52. Jeremiah 36:2Referred to, not named
    “Take a scroll and write on it all the words I have spoken to you concerning Israel, Judah, and all the nations, from the day I first spoke to you during the reign of Josiah until today.
  53. So Jeremiah called Baruch son of Neriah, and at the dictation of Jeremiah, Baruch wrote on a scroll all the words that the LORD had spoken to Jeremiah.
  54. Then Jeremiah commanded Baruch, “I am restricted; I cannot enter the house of the LORD;
  55. Jeremiah 36:6Referred to, not named
    …so you are to go to the house of the LORD on a day of fasting, and in the hearing of the people you are to read the words of the LORD from the scroll you have written at my dictation. Read them in the hearing of all the people of Judah who are coming from their cities.
  56. So Baruch son of Neriah did everything that Jeremiah the prophet had commanded him. In the house of the LORD he read the words of the LORD from the scroll.
  57. From the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, which was in the upper courtyard at the opening of the New Gate of the house of the LORD, Baruch read from the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the hearing of all the people.
  58. Jeremiah 36:17Referred to, not named
    “Tell us now,” they asked Baruch, “how did you write all these words? Was it at Jeremiah’s dictation?”
  59. Jeremiah 36:18Referred to, not named
    “It was at his dictation,” Baruch replied. “He recited all these words to me and I wrote them in ink on the scroll.”
  60. Then the officials said to Baruch, “You and Jeremiah must hide yourselves and tell no one where you are.”
  61. Instead, the king commanded Jerahmeel, a son of the king, as well as Seraiah son of Azriel and Shelemiah son of Abdeel, to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet. But the LORD had hidden them.
  62. After the king had burned the scroll containing the words that Baruch had written at Jeremiah’s dictation, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
  63. Jeremiah 36:28Referred to, not named
    “Take another scroll and rewrite on it the very words that were on the original scroll, which Jehoiakim king of Judah has burned.
  64. Jeremiah 36:29Referred to, not named
    You are to proclaim concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah that this is what the LORD says: You have burned the scroll and said, ‘Why have you written on it that the king of Babylon would surely come and destroy this land and deprive it of man and beast?’
  65. Then Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to the scribe Baruch son of Neriah, and at Jeremiah’s dictation he wrote on it all the words of the scroll that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire. And many similar words were added to them.
  66. But he and his officers and the people of the land refused to obey the words that the LORD had spoken through Jeremiah the prophet.
  67. Yet King Zedekiah sent Jehucal son of Shelemiah and Zephaniah the priest, the son of Maaseiah, to Jeremiah the prophet with the message, “Please pray to the LORD our God for us!”
  68. Now Jeremiah was free to come and go among the people, for they had not yet put him in prison.
  69. Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet:
  70. Jeremiah started to leave Jerusalem to go to the land of Benjamin to claim his portion there among the people.
  71. But when he reached the Gate of Benjamin, the captain of the guard, whose name was Irijah son of Shelemiah, the son of Hananiah, seized him and said, “You are deserting to the Chaldeans!”
  72. “That is a lie,” Jeremiah replied. “I am not deserting to the Chaldeans!” But Irijah would not listen to him; instead, he arrested Jeremiah and took him to the officials.
  73. The officials were angry with Jeremiah, and they beat him and placed him in jail in the house of Jonathan the scribe, for it had been made into a prison.
  74. So Jeremiah went into a cell in the dungeon and remained there a long time.
  75. Later, King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah and received him in his palace, where he asked him privately, “Is there a word from the LORD?” “There is,” Jeremiah replied. “You will be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon.”
  76. Then Jeremiah asked King Zedekiah, “How have I sinned against you or your servants or these people, that you have put me in prison?
  77. Jeremiah 37:20Referred to, not named
    But now please listen, O my lord the king. May my petition come before you. Do not send me back to the house of Jonathan the scribe, or I will die there.”
  78. So King Zedekiah gave orders for Jeremiah to be placed in the courtyard of the guard and given a loaf of bread daily from the street of the bakers, until all the bread in the city was gone. So Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard.
  79. Now Shephatiah son of Mattan, Gedaliah son of Pashhur, Jucal son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur son of Malchijah heard that Jeremiah had been telling all the people:
  80. Jeremiah 38:4Referred to, not named
    Then the officials said to the king, “This man ought to die, for he is discouraging the warriors who remain in this city, as well as all the people, by speaking such words to them; this man is not seeking the well-being of these people, but their ruin.”
  81. Jeremiah 38:5Referred to, not named
    “Here he is,” replied King Zedekiah. “He is in your hands, since the king can do nothing to stop you.”
  82. So they took Jeremiah and dropped him into the cistern of Malchiah, the king’s son, which was in the courtyard of the guard. They lowered Jeremiah with ropes into the cistern, which had no water but only mud, and Jeremiah sank down into the mud.
  83. Now Ebed-melech the Cushite, a court official in the royal palace, heard that Jeremiah had been put into the cistern. While the king was sitting at the Gate of Benjamin,
  84. “My lord the king, these men have acted wickedly in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet. They have dropped him into the cistern, where he will starve to death, for there is no more bread in the city.”
  85. So the king commanded Ebed-melech the Cushite, “Take thirty men from here with you and pull Jeremiah the prophet out of the cistern before he dies.”
  86. Then Ebed-melech took the men with him and went to the king’s palace, to a place below the storehouse. From there he took old rags and worn-out clothes and lowered them with ropes to Jeremiah in the cistern.
  87. Ebed-melech the Cushite cried out to Jeremiah, “Put these worn-out rags and clothes under your arms to pad the ropes.” Jeremiah did so,
  88. …and they pulled him up with the ropes and lifted him out of the cistern. And Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard.
  89. Then King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah the prophet and received him at the third entrance to the house of the LORD. “I am going to ask you something,” said the king to Jeremiah. “Do not hide anything from me.”
  90. “If I tell you,” Jeremiah replied, “you will surely put me to death. And even if I give you advice, you will not listen to me.”
  91. But King Zedekiah swore secretly to Jeremiah, “As surely as the LORD lives, who has given us this life, I will not kill you, nor will I deliver you into the hands of these men who are seeking your life.”
  92. Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “This is what the LORD God of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you indeed surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, then you will live, this city will not be burned down, and you and your household will survive.
  93. But King Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “I am afraid of the Jews who have deserted to the Chaldeans, for the Chaldeans may deliver me into their hands to abuse me.”
  94. “They will not hand you over,” Jeremiah replied. “Obey the voice of the LORD in what I am telling you, that it may go well with you and you may live.
  95. Jeremiah 38:21Referred to, not named
    But if you refuse to surrender, this is the word that the LORD has shown me:
  96. Then Zedekiah warned Jeremiah, “Do not let anyone know about this conversation, or you will die.
  97. Jeremiah 38:25Referred to, not named
    If the officials hear that I have spoken with you, and they come and demand of you, ‘Tell us what you said to the king and what he said to you; do not hide it from us, or we will kill you,’
  98. Jeremiah 38:26Referred to, not named
    …then tell them, ‘I was presenting to the king my petition that he not return me to the house of Jonathan to die there.’”
  99. When all the officials came to Jeremiah and questioned him, he relayed to them the exact words the king had commanded him to say. So they said no more to him, for no one had overheard the conversation.
  100. And Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard until the day Jerusalem was captured.