John
The name John means “the grace or mercy of the Lord”
Summary
Profile
John was one of the twelve closest followers of Jesus. These followers are called apostles. John was the brother of James and the son of Zebedee. Jesus chose these twelve men as his special representatives and gave them authority to teach others about him. Their work helped start the early church. Early tradition says John, Son of Zebedee, wrote the Gospel of John, the Letters of John, and the Book of Revelation.
John and his brother James were among the closest followers of Jesus (Mark 5:37; 9:2; 13:3; 14:33). Their mother, Salome, might have been Mary's sister, who was the mother of Jesus (compare Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40; 16:1; John 19:25). John's name usually appears after James's, suggesting John was younger. James and John were fishermen like their father (Matthew 4:21; Mark 1:19). They fished with Peter and Andrew, another pair of brothers who became disciples (Luke 5:8–10).
They were among the first disciples Jesus called, and they left everything to follow him (Matthew 4:22; Mark 1:20; Luke 5:11; compare John 1:35–40). Jesus named them “Sons of Thunder” (Mark 3:17). This name might mean they were loud or quick-tempered (see Luke 9:54). At one point, the brothers upset the other disciples by asking for special positions in the future kingdom (Matthew 20:20–28; Mark 10:35–45; compare Luke 22:24–27).
People believe John is the unnamed "disciple Jesus loved" and "another disciple" mentioned in the Gospel of John (John 13:23–25; 18:15–16; 19:26–27; 20:2–10; 21:20–24). He might have been the unnamed disciple of John the Baptist who, along with Andrew, became an early follower of Jesus (John 1:35–40).
John's name appears three times in Acts. Each time, he works with Peter (Acts 3:1–11; 4:1–23; 8:14–25). Paul called him one of the "pillars" of the church in Jerusalem (Galatians 2:9). This meant John was an important leader in the Jerusalem church.
The most common tradition about John's later life is that he moved to Ephesus, where he eventually became the bishop of Asia Minor. He lived to an old age and died peacefully among friends. John's Gospel gives a deep picture of Jesus, and his letters (1 John, 2 John, and 3 John) offer an inspiring view of the Christian life.
Passages for Further Study
Matthew 4:21–22; 10:2; 17:1; 20:20–24; 26:37–46; Mark 1:19–20, 29; 3:17; 5:37; 9:2, 38; 10:35–41; 13:3–4; 14:33–42; Luke 5:10; 6:14; 8:51; 9:28, 49, 54; John 13:23–25; 18:15–16; 19:26–27; 20:2–10; 21:2, 7, 20–24; Acts 1:13; 3:1–11; 4:1–22; 5:17–42; 8:14–25; Galatians 2:9
Events
- Birth of John the Baptistc. 5 BC
- John the Baptist Begins Ministryc. AD 26
- John Baptizes Jesusc. AD 26
- John the Baptist Imprisonedc. AD 27
- John the Baptist Witnessesc. AD 27
- Jesus' Message on John the Baptistc. AD 28
- John Beheadedc. AD 29
Glossary entries
Family members
Alternative names
- ἸωάννηςJohn
Mentions
Includes 52 verses that refer to John without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.
- In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea
- Matthew 3:2Referred to, not named…and saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”
- Matthew 3:3Referred to, not namedThis is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah: “A voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for Him.’”
- John wore a garment of camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.
- Matthew 3:5Referred to, not namedPeople went out to him from Jerusalem and all Judea and the whole region around the Jordan.
- Matthew 3:6Referred to, not namedConfessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
- Matthew 3:7Referred to, not namedBut when John saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his place of baptism, he said to them, “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?
- Matthew 3:9Referred to, not namedAnd do not presume to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham.
- Matthew 3:11Referred to, not namedI baptize you with water for repentance, but after me will come One more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.
- At that time Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John.
- But John tried to prevent Him, saying, “I need to be baptized by You, and do You come to me?”
- Matthew 3:15Referred to, not named“Let it be so now,” Jesus replied. “It is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness in this way.” Then John permitted Him.
- When Jesus heard that John had been imprisoned, He withdrew to Galilee.
- Then John’s disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why is it that we and the Pharisees fast so often, but Your disciples do not fast?”
- Meanwhile John heard in prison about the works of Christ, and he sent his disciples
- Matthew 11:3Referred to, not named…to ask Him, “Are You the One who was to come, or should we look for someone else?”
- Jesus replied, “Go back and report to John what you hear and see:
- As John’s disciples were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind?
- Matthew 11:10Referred to, not namedThis is the one about whom it is written: ‘Behold, I will send My messenger ahead of You, who will prepare Your way before You.’
- Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has risen no one greater than John the Baptist. Yet even the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.
- From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven has been subject to violence, and the violent lay claim to it.
- For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John.
- Matthew 11:14Referred to, not namedAnd if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come.
- For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’
- …and said to his servants, “This is John the Baptist; he has risen from the dead! That is why miraculous powers are at work in him.”
- Now Herod had arrested John and bound him and put him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife,
- …because John had been telling him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.”
- Matthew 14:5Referred to, not namedAlthough Herod wanted to kill John, he was afraid of the people, because they regarded John as a prophet.
- Prompted by her mother, she said, “Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist.”
- …and sent to have John beheaded in the prison.
- Matthew 14:11Referred to, not namedJohn’s head was brought in on a platter and presented to the girl, who carried it to her mother.
- Matthew 14:12Referred to, not namedThen John’s disciples came and took his body and buried it. And they went and informed Jesus.
- They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”
- Then the disciples understood that He was speaking to them about John the Baptist.
- What was the source of John’s baptism? Was it from heaven or from men?” They deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’
- But if we say, ‘From men,’ we are afraid of the people, for they all regard John as a prophet.”
- For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.
- John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.
- Mark 1:5Referred to, not namedPeople went out to him from all of Jerusalem and the countryside of Judea. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
- John was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.
- Mark 1:7Referred to, not namedAnd he proclaimed: “After me will come One more powerful than I, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie.
- Mark 1:8Referred to, not namedI baptize you with water, but He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”
- In those days Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
- After the arrest of John, Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the gospel of God.
- Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were often fasting. So people came to Jesus and asked, “Why don’t Your disciples fast like John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees?”
- Now King Herod heard about this, for Jesus’ name had become well known, and people were saying, “John the Baptist has risen from the dead! That is why miraculous powers are at work in him.”
- But when Herod heard this, he said, “John, whom I beheaded, has risen from the dead!”
- For Herod himself had ordered that John be arrested and bound and imprisoned, on account of his brother Philip’s wife Herodias, whom Herod had married.
- For John had been telling Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have your brother’s wife!”
- Mark 6:19Referred to, not namedSo Herodias held a grudge against John and wanted to kill him. But she had been unable,
- …because Herod feared John and protected him, knowing that he was a righteous and holy man. When he heard John’s words, he was greatly perplexed; yet he listened to him gladly.
- Then she went out and asked her mother, “What should I request?” And her mother answered, “The head of John the Baptist.”
- At once the girl hurried back to the king with her request: “I want you to give me the head of John the Baptist on a platter immediately.”
- Mark 6:27Referred to, not namedSo without delay, the king commanded that John’s head be brought in. He sent an executioner, who went and beheaded him in the prison.
- Mark 6:28Referred to, not namedThe man brought John’s head on a platter and presented it to the girl, who gave it to her mother.
- Mark 6:29Referred to, not namedWhen John’s disciples heard about this, they came and took his body and placed it in a tomb.
- They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, one of the prophets.”
- John’s baptism—was it from heaven or from men? Answer Me!”
- Mark 11:31Referred to, not namedThey deliberated among themselves what they should answer: “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’
- But if we say, ‘From men’...” they were afraid of the people, for they all held that John truly was a prophet.
- But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to give him the name John.
- But his mother replied, “No! He shall be called John.”
- Luke 1:61Referred to, not namedThey said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who bears this name.”
- Zechariah asked for a tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed.
- …during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness.
- Luke 3:3Referred to, not namedHe went into all the region around the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,
- Luke 3:7Referred to, not namedThen John said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?
- Luke 3:8Referred to, not namedProduce fruit, then, in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham.
- Luke 3:10Referred to, not namedThe crowds asked him, “What then should we do?”
- Luke 3:11Referred to, not namedJohn replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share with him who has none, and whoever has food should do the same.”
- Luke 3:12Referred to, not namedEven tax collectors came to be baptized. “Teacher,” they asked, “what should we do?”
- Luke 3:13Referred to, not named“Collect no more than you are authorized,” he answered.
- Luke 3:14Referred to, not namedThen some soldiers asked him, “And what should we do?” “Do not take money by force or false accusation,” he said. “Be content with your wages.”
- The people were waiting expectantly and were all wondering in their hearts if John could be the Christ.
- John answered all of them: “I baptize you with water, but One more powerful than I will come, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.
- Luke 3:18Referred to, not namedWith these and many other exhortations, John proclaimed the good news to the people.
- Luke 3:19Referred to, not namedBut when he rebuked Herod the tetrarch regarding his brother’s wife Herodias and all the evils he had done,
- Herod added this to them all: He locked John up in prison.
- Then they said to Him, “John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees frequently fast and pray, but Yours keep on eating and drinking.”
- Then John’s disciples informed him about all these things.
- So John called two of his disciples and sent them to ask the Lord, “Are You the One who was to come, or should we look for someone else?”
- When the men came to Jesus, they said, “John the Baptist sent us to ask, ‘Are You the One who was to come, or should we look for someone else?’”
- So He replied, “Go back and report to John what you have seen and heard: The blind receive sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is preached to the poor.
- After John’s messengers had left, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind?
- Luke 7:27Referred to, not namedThis is the one about whom it is written: ‘Behold, I will send My messenger ahead of You, who will prepare Your way before You.’
- I tell you, among those born of women there is no one greater than John, yet even the least in the kingdom of God is greater than he.”
- All the people who heard this, even the tax collectors, acknowledged God’s justice. For they had received the baptism of John.
- Luke 7:30Referred to, not namedBut the Pharisees and experts in the law rejected God’s purpose for themselves, because they had not been baptized by John.
- For John the Baptist came neither eating bread nor drinking wine, and you say, ‘He has a demon!’
- When Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, he was perplexed. For some were saying that John had risen from the dead,
- “I beheaded John,” Herod said, “but who is this man I hear such things about?” And he kept trying to see Jesus.
- They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, that a prophet of old has arisen.”
- One day in a place where Jesus had just finished praying, one of His disciples requested, “Lord, teach us to pray, just as John taught his disciples.”
- The Law and the Prophets were proclaimed until John. Since that time, the gospel of the kingdom of God is being preached, and everyone is forcing his way into it.
- John’s baptism—was it from heaven, or from men?”
- Luke 20:5Referred to, not namedThey deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why did you not believe him?’
- But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are convinced that John was a prophet.”
- There came a man who was sent from God. His name was John.
- John testified concerning Him. He cried out, saying, “This is He of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me has surpassed me because He was before me.’”
- And this was John’s testimony when the Jews of Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him, “Who are you?”
- John 1:20Referred to, not namedHe did not refuse to confess, but openly declared, “I am not the Christ.”
- John 1:21Referred to, not named“Then who are you?” they inquired. “Are you Elijah?” He said, “I am not.” “Are you the Prophet?” He answered, “No.”
- John 1:22Referred to, not namedSo they said to him, “Who are you? We need an answer for those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?”
- John 1:23Referred to, not namedJohn replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet: “I am a voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’”
- John 1:25Referred to, not named…asked him, “Why then do you baptize, if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?”
- “I baptize with water,” John replied, “but among you stands One you do not know.
- John 1:27Referred to, not namedHe is the One who comes after me, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie.”
- All this happened at Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.
- The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!
- John 1:30Referred to, not namedThis is He of whom I said, ‘A man who comes after me has surpassed me because He was before me.’
- John 1:31Referred to, not namedI myself did not know Him, but the reason I came baptizing with water was that He might be revealed to Israel.”
- Then John testified, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove and resting on Him.
- John 1:33Referred to, not namedI myself did not know Him, but the One who sent me to baptize with water told me, ‘The man on whom you see the Spirit descend and rest is He who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.’
- John 1:34Referred to, not namedI have seen and testified that this is the Son of God.”
- The next day John was there again with two of his disciples.
- John 1:36Referred to, not namedWhen he saw Jesus walking by, he said, “Look, the Lamb of God!”
- John 1:37Referred to, not namedAnd when the two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus.
- Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, was one of the two who heard John’s testimony and followed Jesus.
- Now John was also baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because the water was plentiful there, and people kept coming to be baptized.
- (For John had not yet been thrown into prison.)
- Then a dispute arose between John’s disciples and a certain Jew over the issue of ceremonial washing.
- So John’s disciples came to him and said, “Look, Rabbi, the One who was with you beyond the Jordan, the One you testified about—He is baptizing, and everyone is going to Him.”
- John replied, “A man can receive only what is given him from heaven.
- John 3:28Referred to, not namedYou yourselves can testify that I said, ‘I am not the Christ, but am sent ahead of Him.’
- John 3:29Referred to, not namedThe bride belongs to the bridegroom. The friend of the bridegroom stands and listens for him, and is overjoyed to hear the bridegroom’s voice. That joy is mine, and it is now complete.
- John 3:30Referred to, not namedHe must increase; I must decrease.
- When Jesus realized that the Pharisees were aware He was gaining and baptizing more disciples than John
- You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth.
- John 5:35Referred to, not namedJohn was a lamp that burned and gave light, and you were willing for a season to bask in his light.
- But I have testimony more substantial than that of John. For the works that the Father has given Me to accomplish—the very works I am doing—testify about Me that the Father has sent Me.
- Then Jesus went back across the Jordan to the place where John had first been baptizing, and He stayed there.
- Many came to Him and said, “Although John never performed a sign, everything he said about this man was true.”
- For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.”
- …beginning from John’s baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection.”
- You yourselves know what has happened throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee with the baptism that John proclaimed:
- Then I remembered the word of the Lord, how He said, ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’
- Before the arrival of Jesus, John preached a baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel.
- As John was completing his course, he said, ‘Who do you suppose I am? I am not that One. But there is One coming after me whose sandals I am not worthy to untie.’
- He had been instructed in the way of the Lord and was fervent in spirit. He spoke and taught accurately about Jesus, though he knew only the baptism of John.
- “Into what, then, were you baptized?” Paul asked. “The baptism of John,” they replied.
- Paul explained: “John’s baptism was a baptism of repentance. He told the people to believe in the One coming after him, that is, in Jesus.”