Josiah
The name Josiah means “the Lord burns; the fire of the Lord”
Summary
Profile
Josiah was king of Judah from 640 to 609 BC. He was a godly man, unlike his grandfather Manasseh and his father Amon. Josiah followed the Lord with all his heart, soul, and strength. He obeyed all the laws of Moses (2 Kings 23:25).
Manasseh was king from 697 to 642 BC. During this time, the kingdom of Judah was very wicked and worshiped idols. Even though Manasseh repented near the end of his reign, things got worse under his son Amon, who ruled from 642 to 640 BC. Amon was so bad that his own officials killed him. Then, they made Josiah king (2 Kings 21:23–24; 22:1; 2 Chronicles 33:24–34:1). He was eight years old.
When Josiah was sixteen, he started to seek the God of his ancestor David (2 Chronicles 34:3). From then on, he focused on purifying the worship of God's people. At twenty, Josiah began removing pagan worship places, especially the disliked pagan worship center at Bethel. Josiah fulfilled prophecy (1 Kings 13:1–3) by destroying its altar and burning the bones of pagan priests to desecrate the site (2 Kings 23:15–18).
When Josiah was twenty-six, he organized repairs to the temple (2 Kings 22:3–7). During this process, the priest Hilkiah found the Book of the Law and read it to Josiah. Josiah was upset by its warnings against abandoning faith (2 Kings 22:8–20). He then tried harder to follow God's instructions and led the people in worshiping the Lord. He celebrated Passover as the law required, destroyed many objects used in Baal and sun worship, and removed pagan shrines in Judah (2 Kings 23:4–14). The prophets Zephaniah and Jeremiah, who spoke for God during his time, apparently supported Josiah in all this.
On one important occasion, Josiah did not listen to God's guidance, which led to his death (2 Kings 23:29–30; 2 Chronicles 35:20–25). In 609 BC, Pharaoh Neco marched toward Carchemish to help the Assyrian army against Babylon. Josiah delayed Neco at Megiddo, possibly to support the Babylonians. Neco claimed that the Lord wanted him to fight Babylon, but Josiah attacked him and was killed in battle. Jeremiah and the people of Judah mourned Josiah deeply (2 Chronicles 35:25).
Josiah was faithful, but the people were not. After he died, his sons and successors turned away from the Lord. Despite Jeremiah's increased efforts, the people did not repent. The turbulent years after Josiah's death ended with the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile of its citizens to Babylon from 605 to 586 BC.
Passages for Further Study
1 Kings 13:2; 2 Kings 21:24–23:30; 2 Chronicles 33:25–35:27; Jeremiah 1:1–4; 22:13–23; 25:3; 36:2; Zephaniah 1:1
Events
- Reign of Josiahc. 641 BC
- Death of Josiahc. 609 BC
Glossary entries
Family members
- Father
- Mother
- Spouse
Alternative names
- ἸωσίαςJosiah
- יֹאשִׁיָּ֫הוּJosiah
Mentions
Includes 15 verses that refer to Josiah without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.
- And he cried out against the altar by the word of the LORD, “O altar, O altar, this is what the LORD says: ‘A son named Josiah will be born to the house of David, and upon you he will sacrifice the priests of the high places who burn incense upon you, and human bones will be burned upon you.’”
- But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah king in his place.
- And he was buried in his tomb in the garden of Uzza, and his son Josiah reigned in his place.
- Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. His mother’s name was Jedidah daughter of Adaiah; she was from Bozkath.
- 2 Kings 22:2Referred to, not namedAnd he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD and walked in all the ways of his father David; he did not turn aside to the right or to the left.
- Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, King Josiah sent the scribe, Shaphan son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, to the house of the LORD, saying,
- And as Josiah turned, he saw the tombs there on the hillside, and he sent someone to take the bones out of the tombs, and he burned them on the altar to defile it, according to the word of the LORD proclaimed by the man of God who had foretold these things.
- 2 Kings 23:17Referred to, not namedThen the king asked, “What is this monument I see?” And the men of the city replied, “It is the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed these things that you have done to the altar of Bethel.”
- 2 Kings 23:18Referred to, not named“Let him rest,” said Josiah. “Do not let anyone disturb his bones.” So they left his bones undisturbed, along with those of the prophet who had come from Samaria.
- Just as Josiah had done at Bethel, so also in the cities of Samaria he removed all the shrines of the high places set up by the kings of Israel who had provoked the LORD to anger.
- 2 Kings 23:20Referred to, not namedOn the altars he slaughtered all the priests of the high places, and he burned human bones on them. Then he returned to Jerusalem.
- But in the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, this Passover was observed to the LORD in Jerusalem.
- Furthermore, Josiah removed the mediums and spiritists, the household gods and idols, and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem. He did this to carry out the words of the law written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the LORD.
- 2 Kings 23:25Referred to, not namedNeither before nor after Josiah was there any king like him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his strength, according to all the Law of Moses.
- As for the rest of the acts of Josiah and all his accomplishments, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah?
- During Josiah’s reign, Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt marched up to help the king of Assyria at the Euphrates River. King Josiah went out to confront him, but Neco faced him and killed him at Megiddo.
- From Megiddo his servants carried his body in a chariot, brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own tomb. Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah, anointed him, and made him king in place of his father.
- Then Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king in place of his father Josiah, and he changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But Neco took Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt, where he died.
- Amon his son, and Josiah his son.
- The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn, Jehoiakim the second, Zedekiah the third, and Shallum the fourth.
- But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah king in his place.
- Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years.
- 2 Chronicles 34:2Referred to, not namedAnd he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD and walked in the ways of his father David; he did not turn aside to the right or to the left.
- 2 Chronicles 34:3Referred to, not namedIn the eighth year of his reign, while he was still young, Josiah began to seek the God of his father David, and in the twelfth year he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, the Asherah poles, the carved idols, and the cast images.
- 2 Chronicles 34:4Referred to, not namedThen in his presence the altars of the Baals were torn down, and he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them. He shattered the Asherah poles, the carved idols, and the cast images, crushed them to dust, and scattered them over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.
- 2 Chronicles 34:5Referred to, not namedThen he burned the bones of the priests on their altars. So he cleansed Judah and Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 34:7Referred to, not namedHe tore down the altars and Asherah poles, crushed the idols to powder, and cut to pieces all the incense altars throughout the land of Israel. Then he returned to Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 34:8Referred to, not namedNow in the eighteenth year of his reign, in order to cleanse the land and the temple, Josiah sent Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah son of Joahaz, the recorder, to repair the house of the LORD his God.
- And Josiah removed all the abominations from all the lands belonging to the Israelites, and he required everyone in Israel to serve the LORD their God. Throughout his reign they did not turn aside from following the LORD, the God of their fathers.
- Then Josiah kept the Passover to the LORD in Jerusalem, and the Passover lamb was slaughtered on the fourteenth day of the first month.
- 2 Chronicles 35:2Referred to, not namedHe appointed the priests to their duties and encouraged them in the service of the house of the LORD.
- 2 Chronicles 35:3Referred to, not namedTo the Levites who taught all Israel and were holy to the LORD, Josiah said: “Put the holy ark in the temple built by Solomon son of David king of Israel. It is not to be carried around on your shoulders. Now serve the LORD your God and His people Israel.
- From his own flocks and herds Josiah contributed 30,000 lambs and goats plus 3,000 bulls for the Passover offerings for all the people who were present.
- So on that day the entire service of the LORD was carried out for celebrating the Passover and offering burnt offerings on the altar of the LORD, according to the command of King Josiah.
- No such Passover had been observed in Israel since the days of Samuel the prophet. None of the kings of Israel ever observed a Passover like the one that Josiah observed with the priests, the Levites, all Judah, the Israelites who were present, and the people of Jerusalem.
- In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, this Passover was observed.
- After all this, when Josiah had set the temple in order, Neco king of Egypt marched up to fight at Carchemish by the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to confront him.
- 2 Chronicles 35:21Referred to, not namedBut Neco sent messengers to him, saying, “What is the issue between you and me, O king of Judah? I have not come against you today, but I am fighting another dynasty, and God has told me to hurry. So stop opposing God, who is with me, or He will destroy you!”
- Josiah, however, did not turn away from him; instead, in order to engage him in battle, he disguised himself. He did not listen to Neco’s words from the mouth of God, but went to fight him on the Plain of Megiddo.
- There the archers shot King Josiah, who said to his servants, “Take me away, for I am badly wounded!”
- So his servants took him out of his chariot, put him in his second chariot, and brought him to Jerusalem, where he died. And Josiah was buried in the tomb of his fathers, and all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for him.
- Then Jeremiah lamented over Josiah, and to this day all the male and female singers recite laments over Josiah. They established them as a statute for Israel, and indeed they are written in the Book of Laments.
- As for the rest of the acts of Josiah and his deeds of loving devotion according to what is written in the Law of the LORD—
- 2 Chronicles 35:27Referred to, not named…his acts from beginning to end—they are indeed written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.
- Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made him king in Jerusalem in place of his father.
- The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah in the thirteenth year of the reign of Josiah son of Amon king of Judah,
- …and through the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, until the fifth month of the eleventh year of Zedekiah son of Josiah king of Judah, when the people of Jerusalem went into exile.
- Now in the days of King Josiah, the LORD said to me, “Have you seen what faithless Israel has done? She has gone up on every high hill and under every green tree to prostitute herself there.
- For this is what the LORD says concerning Shallum son of Josiah, king of Judah, who succeeded his father Josiah but has gone forth from this place: “He will never return,
- Therefore this is what the LORD says concerning Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah: “They will not mourn for him: ‘Alas, my brother! Alas, my sister!’ They will not mourn for him: ‘Alas, my master! Alas, his splendor!’
- This is the word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, which was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.
- “From the thirteenth year of Josiah son of Amon king of Judah until this very day—twenty-three years—the word of the LORD has come to me, and I have spoken to you again and again, but you have not listened.
- At the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came from the LORD:
- At the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD.
- This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah:
- In the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the LORD:
- “Take a scroll and write on it all the words I have spoken to you concerning Israel, Judah, and all the nations, from the day I first spoke to you during the reign of Josiah until today.
- Now in the ninth month of the fifth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, a fast before the LORD was proclaimed to all the people of Jerusalem and all who had come there from the cities of Judah.
- Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made Zedekiah son of Josiah the king of Judah, and he reigned in place of Coniah son of Jehoiakim.
- This is the word that Jeremiah the prophet spoke to Baruch son of Neriah when he wrote these words on a scroll at the dictation of Jeremiah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah:
- …concerning Egypt and the army of Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt, which was defeated at Carchemish on the Euphrates River by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah:
- This is the word of the LORD that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah son of Amon king of Judah:
- Hezekiah was the father of Manasseh, Manasseh the father of Amon, Amon the father of Josiah,
- …and Josiah the father of Jeconiah and his brothers at the time of the exile to Babylon.