Samson
The name Samson means “his sun; his service; there the second time”
Summary
Profile
Samson is a good example of God using someone for good even when they do wrong and do not care. Samson rescued Israel without trying or caring. He did not seem to care about his people, family, or God. He only cared about himself. Nonetheless, God placed him in situations where he harmed the Philistines, whom God allowed to oppress sinful Israel.
The first example of how God used Samson happened when he told his parents he wanted to marry a Philistine girl. This surprised his parents because Israelites were commanded not to marry the people of the land (Deuteronomy 7:1–4; Joshua 23:12–13; see also 2 Corinthians 6:14–18). But Samson insisted even though his parents did not want him to marry a Philistine girl.
On his way to the wedding party, he took honey from a dead lion he had killed earlier. Samson was born a Nazirite, and Nazirites were strictly forbidden from touching a dead body (Numbers 6:1–21). But Samson did not care. He then created a riddle about the lion (Judges 14:14). He bet thirty young Philistine men that they could not solve the riddle. The Philistine men pressured his wife into revealing the answer. As a result, Samson became so angry that he killed thirty Philistine men and took their clothing to settle the bet. God used this self-serving hero to “begin the deliverance of Israel from the hand of the Philistines” (Judges 13:5).
The last important story of Samson's life tells about a woman named Delilah (Judges 16:4–31). She kept bothering Samson until he told her why he was so strong. By telling this secret, Samson broke his special promise to God, called the Nazirite vow. She cut his hair, allowing the Philistines to overpower him. They blinded him, tied him up, and forced him into hard labor.
While in captivity, Samson’s hair began to grow back. During a Philistine celebration where they mocked him, he asked to be led to the two main pillars of their temple. He prayed to God for strength to defeat the Philistines and end his own life. He then pulled the temple down, killing about 3,000 Philistines and himself. This act was not for his people or God, but to "pay back the Philistines for my two eyes" (Judges 16:28). Although it was part of God’s plan, Samson’s story leaves the reader wishing for a better savior.
Passages for Further Study
Events
- Philistine Dominionc. 1141 BC
- Judgeship of Samsonc. 1121 BC
- Sampson destroys Temple of Dagonc. 1102 BC
Glossary entries
Family members
Alternative names
- ΣαμψώνSamson
- שִׁמְשׁוֹןSamson
Mentions
Includes 34 verses that refer to Samson without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.
- So the woman gave birth to a son and named him Samson. The boy grew, and the LORD blessed him.
- One day Samson went down to Timnah, where he saw a young Philistine woman.
- Judges 14:2Referred to, not namedSo he returned and told his father and mother, “I have seen a daughter of the Philistines in Timnah. Now get her for me as a wife.”
- But his father and mother replied, “Can’t you find a young woman among your relatives or among any of our people? Must you go to the uncircumcised Philistines to get a wife?” But Samson told his father, “Get her for me, for she is pleasing to my eyes.”
- Judges 14:4Referred to, not named(Now his father and mother did not know this was from the LORD, who was seeking an occasion to move against the Philistines; for at that time the Philistines were ruling over Israel.)
- Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and mother and came to the vineyards of Timnah. Suddenly a young lion came roaring at him,
- Judges 14:6Referred to, not named…and the Spirit of the LORD came powerfully upon him, and he tore the lion apart with his bare hands as one would tear a young goat. But he did not tell his father or mother what he had done.
- Then Samson continued on his way down and spoke to the woman, because she was pleasing to his eyes.
- Judges 14:8Referred to, not namedWhen Samson returned later to take her, he left the road to see the lion’s carcass, and in it was a swarm of bees, along with their honey.
- Judges 14:9Referred to, not namedSo he scooped some honey into his hands and ate it as he went along. And when he returned to his father and mother, he gave some to them and they ate it. But he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the lion’s carcass.
- Then his father went to visit the woman, and Samson prepared a feast there, as was customary for the bridegroom.
- Judges 14:11Referred to, not namedAnd when the Philistines saw him, they selected thirty men to accompany him.
- “Let me tell you a riddle,” Samson said to them. “If you can solve it for me within the seven days of the feast, I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes.
- Judges 14:13Referred to, not namedBut if you cannot solve it, you must give me thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes.” “Tell us your riddle,” they replied. “Let us hear it.”
- Judges 14:14Referred to, not namedSo he said to them: “Out of the eater came something to eat, and out of the strong came something sweet.” For three days they were unable to explain the riddle.
- So on the fourth day they said to Samson’s wife, “Entice your husband to explain the riddle to us, or we will burn you and your father’s household to death. Did you invite us here to rob us?”
- Then Samson’s wife came to him, weeping, and said, “You hate me! You do not really love me! You have posed to my people a riddle, but have not explained it to me.” “Look,” he said, “I have not even explained it to my father or mother, so why should I explain it to you?”
- Judges 14:17Referred to, not namedShe wept the whole seven days of the feast, and finally on the seventh day, because she had pressed him so much, he told her the answer. And in turn she explained the riddle to her people.
- Judges 14:18Referred to, not namedBefore sunset on the seventh day, the men of the city said to Samson: “What is sweeter than honey? And what is stronger than a lion?” So he said to them: “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle!”
- Judges 14:19Referred to, not namedThen the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, killed thirty of their men, took their apparel, and gave their clothes to those who had solved the riddle. And burning with anger, Samson returned to his father’s house,
- …and his wife was given to one of the men who had accompanied him.
- Later on, at the time of the wheat harvest, Samson took a young goat and went to visit his wife. “I want to go to my wife in her room,” he said. But her father would not let him enter.
- Judges 15:2Referred to, not named“I was sure that you thoroughly hated her,” said her father, “so I gave her to one of the men who accompanied you. Is not her younger sister more beautiful than she? Please take her instead.”
- Samson said to them, “This time I will be blameless in doing harm to the Philistines.”
- Then Samson went out and caught three hundred foxes. And he took torches, turned the foxes tail-to-tail, and fastened a torch between each pair of tails.
- Judges 15:5Referred to, not namedThen he lit the torches and released the foxes into the standing grain of the Philistines, burning up the piles of grain and the standing grain, as well as the vineyards and olive groves.
- “Who did this?” the Philistines demanded. “It was Samson, the son-in-law of the Timnite,” they were told. “For his wife was given to his companion.” So the Philistines went up and burned her and her father to death.
- And Samson told them, “Because you have done this, I will not rest until I have taken vengeance upon you.”
- Judges 15:8Referred to, not namedAnd he struck them ruthlessly with a great slaughter, and then went down and stayed in the cave at the rock of Etam.
- “Why have you attacked us?” said the men of Judah. The Philistines replied, “We have come to arrest Samson and pay him back for what he has done to us.”
- In response, three thousand men of Judah went to the cave at the rock of Etam, and they asked Samson, “Do you not realize that the Philistines rule over us? What have you done to us?” “I have done to them what they did to me,” he replied.
- But they said to him, “We have come down to arrest you and hand you over to the Philistines.” Samson replied, “Swear to me that you will not kill me yourselves.”
- Judges 15:13Referred to, not named“No,” they answered, “we will not kill you, but we will tie you up securely and hand you over to them.” So they bound him with two new ropes and led him up from the rock.
- Judges 15:14Referred to, not namedWhen Samson arrived in Lehi, the Philistines came out shouting against him. And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him. The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax, and the bonds broke loose from his hands.
- Judges 15:15Referred to, not namedHe found the fresh jawbone of a donkey, reached out his hand and took it, and struck down a thousand men.
- Then Samson said: “With the jawbone of a donkey I have piled them into heaps. With the jawbone of a donkey I have slain a thousand men.”
- Judges 15:17Referred to, not namedAnd when Samson had finished speaking, he cast the jawbone from his hand; and he named that place Ramath-lehi.
- Judges 15:18Referred to, not namedAnd being very thirsty, Samson cried out to the LORD, “You have accomplished this great deliverance through Your servant. Must I now die of thirst and fall into the hands of the uncircumcised?”
- Judges 15:19Referred to, not namedSo God opened up the hollow place in Lehi, and water came out of it. When Samson drank, his strength returned, and he was revived. That is why he named it En-hakkore, and it remains in Lehi to this day.
- Judges 15:20Referred to, not namedAnd Samson judged Israel for twenty years in the days of the Philistines.
- One day Samson went to Gaza, where he saw a prostitute and went in to spend the night with her.
- When the Gazites heard that Samson was there, they surrounded that place and lay in wait for him all night at the city gate. They were quiet throughout the night, saying, “Let us wait until dawn; then we will kill him.”
- But Samson lay there only until midnight, when he got up, took hold of the doors of the city gate and both gateposts, and pulled them out, bar and all. Then he put them on his shoulders and took them to the top of the mountain overlooking Hebron.
- Judges 16:4Referred to, not namedSome time later, Samson fell in love with a woman in the Valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah.
- Judges 16:5Referred to, not namedThe lords of the Philistines went to her and said, “Entice him and find out the source of his great strength and how we can overpower him to tie him up and subdue him. Then each one of us will give you eleven hundred shekels of silver.”
- So Delilah said to Samson, “Please tell me the source of your great strength and how you can be tied up and subdued.”
- Samson told her, “If they tie me up with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried, I will become as weak as any other man.”
- Judges 16:8Referred to, not namedSo the lords of the Philistines brought her seven fresh bowstrings that had not been dried, and she tied him up with them.
- While the men were hidden in her room, she called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But he snapped the bowstrings like a strand of yarn seared by a flame. So the source of his strength remained unknown.
- Then Delilah said to Samson, “You have mocked me and lied to me! Now please tell me how you can be tied up.”
- Judges 16:11Referred to, not namedHe replied, “If they tie me up with new ropes that have never been used, I will become as weak as any other man.”
- So Delilah took new ropes, tied him up with them, and called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But while the men were hidden in her room, he snapped the ropes off his arms like they were threads.
- Then Delilah said to Samson, “You have mocked me and lied to me all along! Tell me how you can be tied up.” He told her, “If you weave the seven braids of my head into the web of a loom and tighten it with a pin, I will become as weak as any other man.”
- So while he slept, Delilah took the seven braids of his hair and wove them into the web. Then she tightened it with a pin and called to him, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But he awoke from his sleep and pulled out the pin with the loom and the web.
- Judges 16:15Referred to, not named“How can you say, ‘I love you,’” she asked, “when your heart is not with me? This is the third time you have mocked me and failed to reveal to me the source of your great strength!”
- Judges 16:16Referred to, not namedFinally, after she had pressed him daily with her words and pleaded until he was sick to death,
- Judges 16:17Referred to, not namedSamson told her all that was in his heart: “My hair has never been cut, because I have been a Nazirite to God from my mother’s womb. If I am shaved, my strength will leave me, and I will become as weak as any other man.”
- Judges 16:18Referred to, not namedWhen Delilah realized that he had revealed to her all that was in his heart, she sent this message to the lords of the Philistines: “Come up once more, for he has revealed to me all that is in his heart.” Then the lords of the Philistines came to her, bringing the money in their hands.
- Judges 16:19Referred to, not namedAnd having lulled him to sleep on her lap, she called a man to shave off the seven braids of his head. In this way she began to subdue him, and his strength left him.
- Then she called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” When Samson awoke from his sleep, he thought, “I will escape as I did before and shake myself free.” But he did not know that the LORD had departed from him.
- Judges 16:21Referred to, not namedThen the Philistines seized him, gouged out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, where he was bound with bronze shackles and forced to grind grain in the prison.
- Judges 16:22Referred to, not namedHowever, the hair of his head began to grow back after it had been shaved.
- Now the lords of the Philistines gathered together to offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon. They rejoiced and said, “Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands.”
- Judges 16:24Referred to, not namedAnd when the people saw him, they praised their god, saying: “Our god has delivered into our hands our enemy who destroyed our land and multiplied our dead.”
- And while their hearts were merry, they said, “Call for Samson to entertain us.” So they called Samson out of the prison to entertain them. And they stationed him between the pillars.
- Samson said to the servant who held his hand, “Lead me where I can feel the pillars supporting the temple, so I can lean against them.”
- Now the temple was full of men and women; all the lords of the Philistines were there, and about three thousand men and women were on the roof watching Samson entertain them.
- Then Samson called out to the LORD: “O Lord GOD, please remember me. Strengthen me, O God, just once more, so that with one vengeful blow I may pay back the Philistines for my two eyes.”
- And Samson reached out for the two central pillars supporting the temple. Bracing himself against them with his right hand on one pillar and his left hand on the other,
- Samson said, “Let me die with the Philistines.” Then he pushed with all his might, and the temple fell on the lords and all the people in it. So in his death he killed more than he had killed in his life.
- Judges 16:31Referred to, not namedThen Samson’s brothers and his father’s family came down, carried him back, and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the tomb of his father Manoah. And he had judged Israel twenty years.
- And what more shall I say? Time will not allow me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the prophets,