Saul

Saul was the first king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel, who initially followed God but later disobeyed and was rejected as king.

The name Saul means “demanded; lent; ditch; death”

MaleKingTribe of BenjaminUnited Monarchy eraOld & New Testaments6 books395 verses

Summary

A king of Israel, from the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1 Samuel 9:2; referred to as Saul (שָׁאוּל) or Saul (Σαούλ); a son of Kish; husband of Ahinoam and Rizpah; father of Jonathan, Abinadab, Malchi-shua, Merab, Michal, Ish-bosheth, Armoni, Mephibosheth.

Profile

Saul was the first king of Israel. God and the people chose him, but he failed greatly due to his lack of confidence in himself and God. Saul was a complicated person. At times, we feel sorry for him because of his struggles. However, he often caused his own problems, bringing sadness and trouble to those close to him.

Saul was the son of a wealthy landowner. He became king without expecting or wanting to be one. The people wanted a king to lead them in battles, so they were pleased with Saul, who was taller than anyone else (1 Samuel 10:23). However, their military problems were overwhelming, and Saul lacked confidence as a military leader. Without the prophet Samuel and Saul’s son Jonathan, Saul’s reign might have ended in complete disaster.

Saul upset God by making quick promises without thinking during wartime (1 Samuel 14:16–46). He also performed sacrifices before battle instead of waiting for Samuel (1 Samuel 13:7b–14). He disobeyed God's command to destroy all the people and goods of the Amalekites (1 Samuel 15:1–35). Because of this, God decided to remove Saul from being king. God sent Samuel to choose David as the new king by pouring sacred oil on his head. Soon, Saul became very suspicious of David, who was his son's best friend and his most loyal servant. Saul became a cruel ruler who refused to give up control no matter what. He spent much time and effort trying to catch and kill David.

Saul was injured in a battle against the Philistines and then killed himself with his sword. His death was the result of God's judgment. Even though David had spent much time running from Saul, he honored the first king and his son Jonathan with a sincere speech (2 Samuel 1:17–27).

Passages for Further Study

1 Samuel 9:1–11:15; 13:1–31:13; 2 Samuel 1:1–27; 1 Chronicles 9:35–10:14

Events

Dates are approximate

Glossary entries

Saul

Family members

Father

Kish

Spouse

Ahinoam Rizpah

Alternative names

Mentions

First 200 of 395

Includes 68 verses that refer to Saul without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.

  1. And he had a son named Saul, choice and handsome, without equal among the Israelites—a head taller than any of the people.
  2. One day the donkeys of Saul’s father Kish wandered off, and Kish said to his son Saul, “Take one of the servants and go look for the donkeys.”
  3. 1 Samuel 9:4Referred to, not named
    So Saul passed through the hill country of Ephraim and then through the land of Shalishah, but they did not find the donkeys. He and the servant went through the region of Shaalim, but they were not there. Then they went through the land of Benjamin, and still they did not find them.
  4. When they reached the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant, “Come, let us go back, or my father will stop worrying about the donkeys and start worrying about us.”
  5. 1 Samuel 9:6Referred to, not named
    “Look,” said the servant, “in this city there is a man of God who is highly respected; everything he says surely comes to pass. Let us go there now. Perhaps he will tell us which way to go.”
  6. “If we do go,” Saul replied, “what can we give the man? For the bread in our packs is gone, and there is no gift to take to the man of God. What do we have?”
  7. The servant answered him again. “Look,” he said, “I have here in my hand a quarter shekel of silver. I will give it to the man of God, and he will tell us our way.”
  8. “Good,” said Saul to his servant. “Come, let us go.” So they set out for the city where the man of God was.
  9. 1 Samuel 9:11Referred to, not named
    And as they were climbing the hill to the city, they met some young women coming out to draw water and asked, “Is the seer here?”
  10. 1 Samuel 9:12Referred to, not named
    “Yes, he is ahead of you,” they answered. “Hurry now, for today he has come to the city because the people have a sacrifice on the high place.
  11. 1 Samuel 9:13Referred to, not named
    As soon as you enter the city, you will find him before he goes up to the high place to eat. The people will not eat until he comes, because he must bless the sacrifice; after that, the guests will eat. Go up at once; you will find him.”
  12. 1 Samuel 9:14Referred to, not named
    So Saul and his servant went up toward the city, and as they were entering it, there was Samuel coming toward them on his way up to the high place.
  13. Now on the day before Saul’s arrival, the LORD had revealed to Samuel,
  14. When Samuel saw Saul, the LORD told him, “Here is the man of whom I spoke; he shall rule over My people.”
  15. Saul approached Samuel in the gateway and asked, “Would you please tell me where the seer’s house is?”
  16. “I am the seer,” Samuel replied. “Go up before me to the high place, for you shall eat with me today. And when I send you off in the morning, I will tell you all that is in your heart.
  17. 1 Samuel 9:20Referred to, not named
    As for the donkeys you lost three days ago, do not worry about them, for they have been found. And upon whom is all the desire of Israel, if not upon you and all your father’s house?”
  18. Saul replied, “Am I not a Benjamite from the smallest tribe of Israel, and is not my clan the least of all the clans of Benjamin? So why would you say such a thing to me?”
  19. Then Samuel took Saul and his servant, brought them into the hall, and seated them in the place of honor among those who were invited—about thirty in all.
  20. So the cook picked up the leg and what was attached to it and set it before Saul. Then Samuel said, “Here is what was kept back. It was set apart for you. Eat, for it has been kept for you for this occasion, from the time I said, ‘I have invited the people.’” So Saul dined with Samuel that day.
  21. And after they had come down from the high place into the city, Samuel spoke with Saul on the roof of his house.
  22. They got up early in the morning, and just before dawn Samuel called to Saul on the roof, “Get ready, and I will send you on your way!” So Saul got ready, and both he and Samuel went outside together.
  23. As they were going down to the edge of the city, Samuel said to Saul, “Tell the servant to go on ahead of us, but you stay for a while, and I will reveal to you the word of God.” So the servant went on.
  24. 1 Samuel 10:1Referred to, not named
    Then Samuel took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head, kissed him, and said, “Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over His inheritance?
  25. 1 Samuel 10:2Referred to, not named
    When you leave me today, you will find two men at Rachel’s tomb in Zelzah on the border of Benjamin. They will say to you, ‘The donkeys you seek have been found, and now your father has stopped worrying about the donkeys and started worrying about you, asking, “What should I do about my son?”’
  26. 1 Samuel 10:3Referred to, not named
    Then you will go on from there until you come to the Oak of Tabor. Three men going up to God at Bethel will meet you there, one carrying three young goats, another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a skin of wine.
  27. 1 Samuel 10:4Referred to, not named
    They will greet you and give you two loaves of bread, which you will accept from their hands.
  28. 1 Samuel 10:5Referred to, not named
    After that you will come to Gibeah of God, where the Philistines have an outpost. As you approach the city, you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place, preceded by harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres, and they will be prophesying.
  29. 1 Samuel 10:6Referred to, not named
    Then the Spirit of the LORD will rush upon you, and you will prophesy with them; and you will be transformed into a different person.
  30. 1 Samuel 10:7Referred to, not named
    When these signs have come, do as the occasion demands, for God is with you.
  31. 1 Samuel 10:8Referred to, not named
    And you shall go before me to Gilgal, and surely I will come to you to offer burnt offerings and to sacrifice peace offerings. Wait seven days until I come to you and show you what you are to do.”
  32. 1 Samuel 10:9Referred to, not named
    As Saul turned to leave Samuel, God changed Saul’s heart, and all the signs came to pass that day.
  33. 1 Samuel 10:10Referred to, not named
    When Saul and his servant arrived at Gibeah, a group of prophets met him. Then the Spirit of God rushed upon him, and he prophesied along with them.
  34. When all those who had formerly known Saul saw him prophesying with the prophets, they asked one another, “What has happened to the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?”
  35. Then a man who lived there replied, “And who is their father?” So the saying became a proverb: “Is Saul also among the prophets?”
  36. 1 Samuel 10:13Referred to, not named
    And when Saul had finished prophesying, he went up to the high place.
  37. Now Saul’s uncle asked him and his servant, “Where did you go?” “To look for the donkeys,” Saul replied. “When we saw they were not to be found, we went to Samuel.”
  38. “Tell me,” Saul’s uncle asked, “what did Samuel say to you?”
  39. And Saul replied, “He assured us that the donkeys had been found.” But Saul did not tell his uncle what Samuel had said about the kingship.
  40. Then he had the tribe of Benjamin come forward by its clans, and the clan of Matri was selected. Finally, Saul son of Kish was selected. But when they looked for him, they could not find him.
  41. 1 Samuel 10:23Referred to, not named
    So they ran and brought Saul, and when he stood among the people, he was a head taller than any of the others.
  42. Saul also went to his home in Gibeah, and the men of valor whose hearts God had touched went with him.
  43. 1 Samuel 10:27Referred to, not named
    But some worthless men said, “How can this man save us?” So they despised him and brought him no gifts; but Saul remained silent about it.
  44. When the messengers came to Gibeah of Saul and relayed these words in the hearing of the people, they all wept aloud.
  45. Just then Saul was returning from the field, behind his oxen. “What troubles the people?” asked Saul. “Why are they weeping?” And they relayed to him the words of the men from Jabesh.
  46. When Saul heard their words, the Spirit of God rushed upon him, and he burned with great anger.
  47. He took a pair of oxen, cut them into pieces, and sent them by messengers throughout the land of Israel, proclaiming, “This is what will be done to the oxen of anyone who does not march behind Saul and Samuel.” Then the terror of the LORD fell upon the people, and they came out together as one man.
  48. 1 Samuel 11:8Referred to, not named
    And when Saul numbered them at Bezek, there were 300,000 Israelites and 30,000 men of Judah.
  49. The next day Saul organized the troops into three divisions, and during the morning watch they invaded the camp of the Ammonites and slaughtered them, until the hottest part of the day. And the survivors were so scattered that no two of them were left together.
  50. Then the people said to Samuel, “Who said that Saul should not reign over us? Bring those men here so we can kill them!”
  51. But Saul ordered, “No one shall be put to death this day, for today the LORD has worked salvation in Israel.”
  52. So all the people went to Gilgal and confirmed Saul as king in the presence of the LORD. There they sacrificed peace offerings before the LORD, and Saul and all the Israelites rejoiced greatly.
  53. Saul was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned over Israel forty-two years.
  54. He chose for himself three thousand men of Israel: Two thousand were with Saul at Michmash and in the hill country of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. And the rest of the troops he sent away, each to his own home.
  55. Then Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost at Geba, and the Philistines heard about it. So Saul blew the ram’s horn throughout the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!”
  56. And all Israel heard the news: “Saul has attacked an outpost of the Philistines, and now Israel has become a stench to the Philistines!” Then the people were summoned to join Saul at Gilgal.
  57. Some Hebrews even crossed the Jordan into the land of Gad and Gilead. Saul, however, remained at Gilgal, and all his troops were quaking in fear.
  58. 1 Samuel 13:8Referred to, not named
    And Saul waited seven days for the time appointed by Samuel, but Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the troops began to desert Saul.
  59. So he said, “Bring me the burnt offering and the peace offerings.” And he offered up the burnt offering.
  60. Just as he finished offering the burnt offering, Samuel arrived, and Saul went out to greet him.
  61. “What have you done?” Samuel asked. And Saul replied, “When I saw that the troops were deserting me, and that you did not come at the appointed time and the Philistines were gathering at Michmash,
  62. 1 Samuel 13:12Referred to, not named
    I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will descend upon me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the favor of the LORD.’ So I felt compelled to offer the burnt offering.”
  63. “You have acted foolishly,” Samuel declared. “You have not kept the command that the LORD your God gave you; if you had, the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time.
  64. 1 Samuel 13:14Referred to, not named
    But now your kingdom will not endure; the LORD has sought a man after His own heart and appointed him ruler over His people, because you have not kept the command of the LORD.”
  65. Then Samuel set out from Gilgal and went up to Gibeah in Benjamin. And Saul numbered the troops who were with him, about six hundred men.
  66. Now Saul and Jonathan his son and the troops with them were staying in Geba of Benjamin, while the Philistines camped at Michmash.
  67. So on the day of battle not a sword or spear could be found in the hands of the troops with Saul and Jonathan; only Saul and his son Jonathan had weapons.
  68. One day Jonathan son of Saul said to the young man bearing his armor, “Come, let us cross over to the Philistine outpost on the other side.” But Jonathan did not tell his father.
  69. Meanwhile, Saul was staying under the pomegranate tree in Migron on the outskirts of Gibeah. And the troops who were with him numbered about six hundred men,
  70. Now when Saul’s watchmen at Gibeah in Benjamin looked and saw the troops melting away and scattering in every direction,
  71. Saul said to the troops who were with him, “Call the roll and see who has left us.” And when they had called the roll, they saw that Jonathan and his armor-bearer were not there.
  72. Then Saul said to Ahijah, “Bring the ark of God.” (For at that time it was with the Israelites.)
  73. While Saul was talking to the priest, the commotion in the Philistine camp continued to increase. So Saul said to the priest, “Withdraw your hand.”
  74. Then Saul and all his troops assembled and marched to the battle, and they found the Philistines in total confusion, with each man wielding the sword against his neighbor.
  75. And the Hebrews who had previously gone up into the surrounding camps to join the Philistines now went over to the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
  76. Now the men of Israel were in distress that day, for Saul had placed the troops under an oath, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats any food before evening, before I have taken vengeance on my enemies.” So none of the troops tasted any food.
  77. Then someone reported to Saul: “Look, the troops are sinning against the LORD by eating meat with the blood still in it.” “You have broken faith,” said Saul. “Roll a large stone over here at once.”
  78. Then he said, “Go among the troops and tell them, ‘Each man must bring me his ox or his sheep, slaughter them in this place, and then eat. Do not sin against the LORD by eating meat with the blood still in it.’” So that night everyone brought his ox and slaughtered it there.
  79. Then Saul built an altar to the LORD; it was the first time he had built an altar to the LORD.
  80. And Saul said, “Let us go down after the Philistines by night and plunder them until dawn, leaving no man alive!” “Do what seems good to you,” the troops replied. But the priest said, “We must consult God here.”
  81. So Saul inquired of God, “Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will You give them into the hand of Israel?” But God did not answer him that day.
  82. Therefore Saul said, “Come here, all you leaders of the troops, and let us investigate how this sin has occurred today.
  83. 1 Samuel 14:39Referred to, not named
    As surely as the LORD who saves Israel lives, even if it is my son Jonathan, he must die!” But not one of the troops said a word.
  84. Then Saul said to all Israel, “You stand on one side, and I and my son Jonathan will stand on the other side.” “Do what seems good to you,” the troops replied.
  85. So Saul said to the LORD, the God of Israel, “Why have You not answered Your servant this day? If the fault is with me or my son Jonathan, respond with Urim, but if the fault is with the men of Israel, respond with Thummim.” And Jonathan and Saul were selected, but the people were cleared of the charge.
  86. Then Saul said, “Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan.” And Jonathan was selected.
  87. “Tell me what you have done,” Saul commanded him. So Jonathan told him, “I only tasted a little honey with the end of the staff that was in my hand. And now I must die?”
  88. And Saul declared, “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if you, Jonathan, do not surely die!”
  89. But the people said to Saul, “Must Jonathan die—he who accomplished such a great deliverance for Israel? Never! As surely as the LORD lives, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground, for with God’s help he has accomplished this today.” So the people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die.
  90. Then Saul gave up his pursuit of the Philistines, and the Philistines returned to their own land.
  91. After Saul had assumed the kingship over Israel, he fought against all his enemies on every side—the Moabites, the Ammonites, the Edomites, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines. Wherever he turned, he routed them.
  92. 1 Samuel 14:48Referred to, not named
    He fought valiantly and defeated the Amalekites, delivering Israel from the hands of its plunderers.
  93. Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua. His two daughters were named Merab (his firstborn) and Michal (his younger daughter).
  94. His wife’s name was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the commander of his army was Abner, the son of Saul’s uncle Ner.
  95. Saul’s father Kish and Abner’s father Ner were sons of Abiel.
  96. And the war with the Philistines was fierce for all the days of Saul. So whenever he noticed any strong or brave man, Saul would enlist him.
  97. Then Samuel said to Saul, “The LORD sent me to anoint you king over His people Israel. Now therefore, listen to the words of the LORD.
  98. 1 Samuel 15:3Referred to, not named
    Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them. Do not spare them, but put to death men and women, children and infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys.’”
  99. So Saul summoned the troops and numbered them at Telaim—200,000 foot soldiers and 10,000 men of Judah.
  100. Saul came to the city of Amalek and lay in wait in the valley.
  101. And he warned the Kenites, “Since you showed kindness to all the Israelites when they came up out of Egypt, go on and get away from the Amalekites. Otherwise I will sweep you away with them.” So the Kenites moved away from the Amalekites.
  102. Then Saul struck down the Amalekites all the way from Havilah to Shur, which is east of Egypt.
  103. 1 Samuel 15:8Referred to, not named
    He captured Agag king of Amalek alive, but devoted all the others to destruction with the sword.
  104. Saul and his troops spared Agag, along with the best of the sheep and cattle, the fat calves and lambs, and the best of everything else. They were unwilling to devote them to destruction, but they devoted to destruction all that was despised and worthless.
  105. “I regret that I have made Saul king, for he has turned away from following Me and has not carried out My instructions.” And Samuel was distressed and cried out to the LORD all that night.
  106. Early in the morning Samuel got up to confront Saul, but he was told, “Saul has gone to Carmel, and behold, he has set up a monument for himself and has turned and gone down to Gilgal.”
  107. When Samuel reached him, Saul said to him, “May the LORD bless you. I have carried out the LORD’s instructions.”
  108. Saul answered, “The troops brought them from the Amalekites; they spared the best sheep and cattle to sacrifice to the LORD your God, but the rest we devoted to destruction.”
  109. “Stop!” exclaimed Samuel. “Let me tell you what the LORD said to me last night.” “Tell me,” Saul replied.
  110. 1 Samuel 15:17Referred to, not named
    And Samuel said, “Although you were once small in your own eyes, have you not become the head of the tribes of Israel? The LORD anointed you king over Israel
  111. 1 Samuel 15:18Referred to, not named
    …and sent you on a mission, saying, ‘Go and devote to destruction the sinful Amalekites. Fight against them until you have wiped them out.’
  112. 1 Samuel 15:19Referred to, not named
    So why did you not obey the LORD? Why did you rush upon the plunder and do evil in the sight of the LORD?”
  113. “But I did obey the LORD,” Saul replied. “I went on the mission that the LORD gave me. I brought back Agag king of Amalek and devoted the Amalekites to destruction.
  114. 1 Samuel 15:23Referred to, not named
    For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance is like the wickedness of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has rejected you as king.”
  115. Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned; I have transgressed the LORD’s commandment and your instructions, because I feared the people and obeyed their voice.
  116. 1 Samuel 15:25Referred to, not named
    Now therefore, please forgive my sin and return with me so I can worship the LORD.”
  117. “I will not return with you,” Samuel replied. “For you have rejected the word of the LORD, and He has rejected you as king over Israel.”
  118. 1 Samuel 15:27Referred to, not named
    As Samuel turned to go, Saul grabbed the hem of his robe, and it tore.
  119. 1 Samuel 15:28Referred to, not named
    So Samuel said to him, “The LORD has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today and has given it to your neighbor who is better than you.
  120. 1 Samuel 15:30Referred to, not named
    “I have sinned,” Saul replied. “Please honor me now before the elders of my people and before Israel. Come back with me, so that I may worship the LORD your God.”
  121. So Samuel went back with Saul, and Saul worshiped the LORD.
  122. Then Samuel went to Ramah, but Saul went up to his home in Gibeah of Saul.
  123. And to the day of his death, Samuel never again visited Saul. Samuel mourned for Saul, and the LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.
  124. Now the LORD said to Samuel, “How long are you going to mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem, for I have selected from his sons a king for Myself.”
  125. “How can I go?” Samuel asked. “Saul will hear of it and kill me!” The LORD answered, “Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the LORD.’
  126. Now the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and a spirit of distress from the LORD began to torment him.
  127. Saul’s servants said to him, “Surely a spirit of distress from God is tormenting you.
  128. And Saul commanded his servants, “Find me someone who plays well, and bring him to me.”
  129. So Saul sent messengers to Jesse and said, “Send me your son David, who is with the sheep.”
  130. And Jesse took a donkey loaded with bread, a skin of wine, and one young goat and sent them to Saul with his son David.
  131. When David came to Saul and entered his service, Saul loved him very much, and David became his armor-bearer.
  132. Then Saul sent word to Jesse, saying, “Let David remain in my service, for I am pleased with him.”
  133. And whenever the spirit from God came upon Saul, David would pick up his harp and play. Then Saul would find relief and feel better, and the spirit of distress would depart from him.
  134. Saul and the men of Israel assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah, arraying themselves for battle against the Philistines.
  135. And Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why do you come out and array yourselves for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul? Choose one of your men and have him come down against me.
  136. On hearing the words of the Philistine, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and greatly afraid.
  137. Now David was the son of a man named Jesse, an Ephrathite from Bethlehem of Judah who had eight sons. And in the days of Saul, Jesse was old and well along in years.
  138. The three older sons of Jesse had followed Saul into battle: The firstborn was Eliab, the second was Abinadab, and the third was Shammah.
  139. And David was the youngest. The three oldest had followed Saul,
  140. …but David went back and forth from Saul to tend his father’s sheep in Bethlehem.
  141. They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines.”
  142. Now David’s words were overheard and reported to Saul, who sent for him.
  143. And David said to Saul, “Let no man’s heart fail on account of this Philistine. Your servant will go and fight him!”
  144. But Saul replied, “You cannot go out against this Philistine to fight him. You are just a boy, and he has been a warrior from his youth.”
  145. David replied, “Your servant has been tending his father’s sheep, and whenever a lion or a bear came and carried off a lamb from the flock,
  146. 1 Samuel 17:36Referred to, not named
    Your servant has killed lions and bears; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God.”
  147. David added, “The LORD, who delivered me from the claws of the lion and the bear, will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” “Go,” said Saul, “and may the LORD be with you.”
  148. Then Saul clothed David in his own tunic, put a bronze helmet on his head, and dressed him in armor.
  149. David strapped his sword over the tunic and tried to walk, but he was not accustomed to them. “I cannot walk in these,” David said to Saul. “I am not accustomed to them.” So David took them off.
  150. As Saul had watched David going out to confront the Philistine, he said to Abner the commander of the army, “Abner, whose son is this young man?” “As surely as you live, O king,” Abner replied, “I do not know.”
  151. So when David returned from killing the Philistine, still holding his head in his hand, Abner took him and brought him before Saul.
  152. “Whose son are you, young man?” asked Saul. “I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem,” David replied.
  153. After David had finished speaking with Saul, the souls of Jonathan and David were knit together, and Jonathan loved him as himself.
  154. And from that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return to his father’s house.
  155. So David marched out and prospered in everything Saul sent him to do, and Saul set him over the men of war. And this was pleasing in the sight of all the people, and of Saul’s officers as well.
  156. As the troops were returning home after David had killed the Philistine, the women came out of all the cities of Israel to meet King Saul with singing and dancing, with joyful songs, and with tambourines and other instruments.
  157. And as the women danced, they sang out: “Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands.”
  158. And Saul was furious and resented this song. “They have ascribed tens of thousands to David,” he said, “but only thousands to me. What more can he have but the kingdom?”
  159. And from that day forward Saul kept a jealous eye on David.
  160. The next day a spirit of distress sent from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied inside the house while David played the harp as usual. Now Saul was holding a spear,
  161. …and he hurled it, thinking, “I will pin David to the wall.” But David eluded him twice.
  162. So Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with David but had departed from Saul.
  163. Therefore Saul sent David away and gave him command of a thousand men. David led the troops out to battle and back,
  164. When Saul saw that David was very successful, he was afraid of him.
  165. Then Saul said to David, “Here is my older daughter Merab. I will give her to you in marriage. Only be valiant for me and fight the LORD’s battles.” But Saul was thinking, “I need not raise my hand against him; let the hand of the Philistines be against him.”
  166. And David said to Saul, “Who am I, and what is my family or my father’s clan in Israel, that I should become the son-in-law of the king?”
  167. So when it was time to give Saul’s daughter Merab to David, she was given in marriage to Adriel of Meholah.
  168. Now Saul’s daughter Michal loved David, and when this was reported to Saul, it pleased him.
  169. “I will give her to David,” Saul thought, “so that she may be a snare to him, and the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” So Saul said to David, “For a second time now you can be my son-in-law.”
  170. Then Saul ordered his servants, “Speak to David privately and tell him, ‘Behold, the king is pleased with you, and all his servants love you. Now therefore, become his son-in-law.’”
  171. But when Saul’s servants relayed these words to David, he replied, “Does it seem trivial in your sight to be the son-in-law of the king? I am a poor man and lightly esteemed.”
  172. And the servants told Saul what David had said.
  173. Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king desires no other dowry but a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.’” But Saul intended to cause David’s death at the hands of the Philistines.
  174. 1 Samuel 18:26Referred to, not named
    When the servants reported these terms to David, he was pleased to become the king’s son-in-law. Before the wedding day arrived,
  175. David and his men went out and killed two hundred Philistines. He brought their foreskins and presented them as payment in full to become the king’s son-in-law. Then Saul gave his daughter Michal to David in marriage.
  176. When Saul realized that the LORD was with David and that his daughter Michal loved David,
  177. …he grew even more afraid of David. So from then on Saul was David’s enemy.
  178. Every time the Philistine commanders came out for battle, David was more successful than all of Saul’s officers, so that his name was highly esteemed.
  179. Then Saul ordered his son Jonathan and all his servants to kill David. But Jonathan delighted greatly in David,
  180. …so he warned David, saying, “My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning; find a secret place and hide there.
  181. Then Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul and said to him, “The king should not sin against his servant David; he has not sinned against you. In fact, his actions have been highly beneficial to you.
  182. Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan and swore an oath: “As surely as the LORD lives, David will not be put to death.”
  183. So Jonathan summoned David and told him all these things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul, and David was with Saul as before.
  184. But as Saul was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, a spirit of distress from the LORD came upon him. While David was playing the harp,
  185. Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear. But David eluded him and the spear struck the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.
  186. Then Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him and kill him in the morning. But David’s wife Michal warned him, “If you do not run for your life tonight, tomorrow you will be dead!”
  187. When Saul sent the messengers to seize David, Michal said, “He is ill.”
  188. But Saul sent the messengers back to see David and told them, “Bring him up to me in his bed so I can kill him.”
  189. And Saul said to Michal, “Why did you deceive me like this? You sent my enemy away, and he has escaped!” Michal replied, “He said to me, ‘Help me get away, or I will kill you!’”
  190. So David ran away and escaped. And he went to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went to Naioth and stayed there.
  191. When Saul was told that David was at Naioth in Ramah,
  192. …he sent messengers to seize him. But when they saw the group of prophets prophesying, with Samuel leading them, the Spirit of God came upon them, and Saul’s messengers also began to prophesy.
  193. When this was reported to Saul, he sent more messengers, but they began to prophesy as well. So Saul tried again and sent messengers a third time, and even they began to prophesy.
  194. 1 Samuel 19:22Referred to, not named
    Finally, Saul himself left for Ramah and came to the large cistern at Secu, where he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” “At Naioth in Ramah,” he was told.
  195. 1 Samuel 19:23Referred to, not named
    So Saul went to Naioth in Ramah. But the Spirit of God came upon even Saul, and he walked along prophesying until he came to Naioth in Ramah.
  196. Then Saul stripped off his robes and also prophesied before Samuel. And he collapsed and lay naked all that day and night. That is why it is said, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”
  197. He sat in his usual place by the wall, opposite Jonathan and beside Abner, but David’s place was empty.
  198. Saul said nothing that day because he thought, “Something has happened to David to make him ceremonially unclean—surely he is unclean.”
  199. But on the day after the New Moon, the second day, David’s place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?”
  200. Jonathan answered, “David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem,