Gideon

Gideon, also called Jerubbaal or Jerubbesheth, was a judge of Israel who, with God's help, defeated the Midianites and delivered Israel from oppression.

The name Gideon means “he that bruises or breaks; a destroyer”

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Summary

A Judge living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Judges 6:11; referred to as Gideon (גִּדְעוֹן), Jerubbaal (יְרֻבַּ֫עַל), Jerubbesheth (יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת), or Gideon (Γεδεών); a son of Joash; father of Jether, Abimelech and Jotham.

Profile

Gideon was an Israelite judge and the son of Joash from the tribe of Manasseh. He said his clan was the weakest in Manasseh, and he was the least important in his clan. His story shows how God can use a weak person for great purposes.

During this period, Midian oppressed Israel, and the people cried out to God for help (Judges 6:6). In response, God sent a prophet to reprimand them for ignoring Him and worshiping other gods. He also sent His angel to call Gideon to save Israel.

Gideon's first appearance is not promising. He was threshing wheat at the bottom of a winepress to hide from the Midianites. When the angel of the Lord appeared to Gideon there, Gideon asked why God had not saved his people like during the Exodus. God told Gideon that he was chosen to be Israel's deliverer and that God would be with him. Gideon was hesitant to believe and asked for a sign. He brought an offering, and when the angel touched it, fire came from the rock beneath.

This sign gave Gideon enough faith to take action in his community. God instructed him to tear down his father's altar to Baal, cut down the Asherah pole, and build an altar to the Lord instead. Gideon obeyed God's command and became a warrior for God against false gods.

The Spirit of God came upon Gideon, and he gathered an army to fight the Midianites and their allies. Gideon remained cautious and asked God for another sign to confirm his mission. He placed a fleece outside on two different nights, asking God to show his power by making the dew settle on the fleece and the ground in miraculous ways. God did this, and Gideon was ready to follow God's plan.

Gideon successfully recruited 32,000 men for the army. However, God instructed him to reduce the number to 300 men. Gideon led these 300 men against a much larger force and won.

Gideon wisely refused the people's request to become their ruler. However, he made an ephod from the earrings of the defeated soldiers, and it became an idol (Judges 8:22–27). Gideon, who was weak in faith and relied on visible signs, eventually turned away from worshiping the invisible God and worshiped idols. Israel experienced peace during his lifetime, but his lack of faith led to problems after his death (Judges 8:33–9:57).

Passages for Further Study

Judges 6:1–8:35; 1 Samuel 12:11; Isaiah 10:26; Hebrews 11:32

Events

Dates are approximate

Glossary entries

Gideon Gedeon Jerubbaal Jerubbesheth

Family members

Father

Joash

Children

Abimelech Jether Jotham

Alternative names

Mentions

Includes 35 verses that refer to Gideon without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.

  1. Judges 6:11גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then the angel of the LORD came and sat down under the oak in Ophrah that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite, where his son Gideon was threshing wheat in a winepress to hide it from the Midianites.
  2. Judges 6:13גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    “Please, my Lord,” Gideon replied, “if the LORD is with us, why has all this happened to us? And where are all His wonders of which our fathers told us, saying, ‘Has not the LORD brought us up out of Egypt?’ But now the LORD has forsaken us and delivered us into the hand of Midian.”
  3. Judges 6:14Referred to, not named
    The LORD turned to him and said, “Go in the strength you have and save Israel from the hand of Midian. Am I not sending you?”
  4. Judges 6:15Referred to, not named
    “Please, my Lord,” Gideon replied, “how can I save Israel? Indeed, my clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father’s house.”
  5. Judges 6:16Referred to, not named
    “Surely I will be with you,” the LORD replied, “and you will strike down all the Midianites as one man.”
  6. Judges 6:17Referred to, not named
    Gideon answered, “If I have found favor in Your sight, give me a sign that it is You speaking with me.
  7. Judges 6:18Referred to, not named
    Please do not depart from this place until I return to You. Let me bring my offering and set it before You.” And the LORD said, “I will stay until you return.”
  8. Judges 6:19גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    So Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and unleavened bread and an ephah of flour. He placed the meat in a basket and the broth in a pot and brought them out to present to Him under the oak.
  9. Judges 6:20Referred to, not named
    And the angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened bread, lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And Gideon did so.
  10. Judges 6:21Referred to, not named
    Then the angel of the LORD extended the tip of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened bread. And fire flared from the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened bread. Then the angel of the LORD vanished from his sight.
  11. Judges 6:22גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    When Gideon realized that it was the angel of the LORD, he said, “Oh no, Lord GOD! I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face!”
  12. Judges 6:24גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    So Gideon built an altar to the LORD there and called it The LORD Is Peace. To this day it stands in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
  13. Judges 6:25Referred to, not named
    On that very night the LORD said to Gideon, “Take your father’s young bull and a second bull seven years old, tear down your father’s altar to Baal, and cut down the Asherah pole beside it.
  14. Judges 6:26Referred to, not named
    Then build a proper altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold. And with the wood of the Asherah pole you cut down, take the second bull and offer it as a burnt offering.”
  15. Judges 6:27גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    So Gideon took ten of his servants and did as the LORD had told him. But because he was too afraid of his father’s household and the men of the city, he did it by night rather than in the daytime.
  16. Judges 6:29גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    “Who did this?” they said to one another. And after they had investigated thoroughly, they were told, “Gideon son of Joash did it.”
  17. Judges 6:32יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    So on that day Gideon was called Jerubbaal, that is to say, “Let Baal contend with him,” because he had torn down Baal’s altar.
  18. Judges 6:34גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    So the Spirit of the LORD came upon Gideon, who blew the ram’s horn and rallied the Abiezrites behind him.
  19. Judges 6:35Referred to, not named
    Calling them to arms, Gideon sent messengers throughout Manasseh, as well as Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, so that they came up to meet him.
  20. Judges 6:36גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then Gideon said to God, “If You are going to save Israel by my hand, as You have said,
  21. Judges 6:37Referred to, not named
    …then behold, I will place a fleece of wool on the threshing floor. If there is dew only on the fleece and all the ground is dry, then I will know that You are going to save Israel by my hand, as You have said.”
  22. Judges 6:38Referred to, not named
    And that is what happened. When Gideon arose the next morning, he squeezed the fleece and wrung out the dew—a bowlful of water.
  23. Judges 6:39גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then Gideon said to God, “Do not be angry with me; let me speak one more time. Please allow me one more test with the fleece. This time let it be dry, and the ground covered with dew.”
  24. Judges 7:1גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon; יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    Early in the morning Jerubbaal (that is, Gideon) and all the men with him camped beside the spring of Harod. And the camp of Midian was north of them in the valley near the hill of Moreh.
  25. Judges 7:2גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then the LORD said to Gideon, “You have too many men for Me to deliver Midian into their hands, lest Israel glorify themselves over Me, saying, ‘My own hand has saved me.’
  26. Judges 7:3Referred to, not named
    Now, therefore, proclaim in the hearing of the men: ‘Whoever is fearful and trembling may turn back and leave Mount Gilead.’” So twenty-two thousand of them turned back, but ten thousand remained.
  27. Judges 7:4גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then the LORD said to Gideon, “There are still too many men. Take them down to the water, and I will sift them for you there. If I say to you, ‘This one shall go with you,’ he shall go. But if I say, ‘This one shall not go with you,’ he shall not go.”
  28. Judges 7:5גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    So Gideon brought the men down to the water, and the LORD said to him, “Separate those who lap the water with their tongues like a dog from those who kneel to drink.”
  29. Judges 7:7גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then the LORD said to Gideon, “With the three hundred men who lapped the water I will save you and deliver the Midianites into your hand. But all the others are to go home.”
  30. Judges 7:8Referred to, not named
    So Gideon sent the rest of the Israelites to their tents but kept the three hundred men, who took charge of the provisions and rams’ horns of the others. And the camp of Midian lay below him in the valley.
  31. Judges 7:9Referred to, not named
    That night the LORD said to Gideon, “Get up and go down against the camp, for I have delivered it into your hand.
  32. Judges 7:10Referred to, not named
    But if you are afraid to do so, then go down to the camp with your servant Purah
  33. Judges 7:11Referred to, not named
    …and listen to what they are saying. Then your hands will be strengthened to attack the camp.” So he went with Purah his servant to the outposts where armed men were guarding the camp.
  34. Judges 7:13גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    And as Gideon arrived, a man was telling his friend about a dream. “Behold, I had a dream,” he said, “and I saw a loaf of barley bread come tumbling into the Midianite camp. It struck the tent so hard that the tent overturned and collapsed.”
  35. Judges 7:14גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    His friend replied: “This is nothing less than the sword of Gideon son of Joash, the Israelite. God has delivered Midian and the whole camp into his hand.”
  36. Judges 7:15גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    When Gideon heard the dream and its interpretation, he bowed in worship. He returned to the camp of Israel and said, “Get up, for the LORD has delivered the camp of Midian into your hand.”
  37. Judges 7:16Referred to, not named
    And he divided the three hundred men into three companies and gave each man a ram’s horn in one hand and a large jar in the other, containing a torch.
  38. Judges 7:17Referred to, not named
    “Watch me and do as I do,” Gideon said. “When I come to the outskirts of the camp, do exactly as I do.
  39. Judges 7:18גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    When I and all who are with me blow our horns, then you are also to blow your horns from all around the camp and shout, ‘For the LORD and for Gideon!’”
  40. Judges 7:19גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Gideon and the hundred men with him reached the outskirts of the camp at the beginning of the middle watch, just after the changing of the guard. They blew their horns and broke the jars that were in their hands.
  41. Judges 7:20גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    The three companies blew their horns and shattered their jars. Holding the torches in their left hands and the horns in their right hands, they shouted, “A sword for the LORD and for Gideon!”
  42. Judges 7:24גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Gideon sent messengers throughout the hill country of Ephraim to say, “Come down against the Midianites and seize the waters of the Jordan ahead of them as far as Beth-barah.” So all the men of Ephraim were called out, and they captured the waters of the Jordan as far as Beth-barah.
  43. Judges 7:25גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    They also captured Oreb and Zeeb, the two princes of Midian; and they killed Oreb at the rock of Oreb and Zeeb at the winepress of Zeeb. So they pursued the Midianites and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side of the Jordan.
  44. Judges 8:4גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then Gideon and his three hundred men came to the Jordan and crossed it, exhausted yet still in pursuit.
  45. Judges 8:5Referred to, not named
    So Gideon said to the men of Succoth, “Please give my troops some bread, for they are exhausted, and I am still pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.”
  46. Judges 8:6Referred to, not named
    But the leaders of Succoth asked, “Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your possession, that we should give bread to your army?”
  47. Judges 8:7גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    “Very well,” Gideon replied, “when the LORD has delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, I will tear your flesh with the thorns and briers of the wilderness!”
  48. Judges 8:8Referred to, not named
    From there he went up to Penuel and asked the same from them, but the men of Penuel gave the same response as the men of Succoth.
  49. Judges 8:9Referred to, not named
    So Gideon told the men of Penuel, “When I return in triumph, I will tear down this tower!”
  50. Judges 8:11גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    And Gideon went up by way of the caravan route east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and he attacked their army, taking them by surprise.
  51. Judges 8:12Referred to, not named
    When Zebah and Zalmunna fled, Gideon pursued and captured these two kings of Midian, routing their entire army.
  52. Judges 8:13גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    After this, Gideon son of Joash returned from the battle along the Ascent of Heres.
  53. Judges 8:14Referred to, not named
    There he captured a young man of Succoth and interrogated him. The young man wrote down for him the names of the seventy-seven leaders and elders of Succoth.
  54. Judges 8:15Referred to, not named
    And Gideon went to the men of Succoth and said, “Here are Zebah and Zalmunna, about whom you taunted me, saying, ‘Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your possession, that we should give bread to your weary men?’”
  55. Judges 8:16Referred to, not named
    Then he took the elders of the city, and using the thorns and briers of the wilderness, he disciplined the men of Succoth.
  56. Judges 8:17Referred to, not named
    He also pulled down the tower of Penuel and killed the men of the city.
  57. Judges 8:18Referred to, not named
    Next, Gideon asked Zebah and Zalmunna, “What kind of men did you kill at Tabor?” “Men like you,” they answered, “each one resembling the son of a king.”
  58. Judges 8:19Referred to, not named
    “They were my brothers,” Gideon replied, “the sons of my mother! As surely as the LORD lives, if you had let them live, I would not kill you.”
  59. Judges 8:20Referred to, not named
    So he said to Jether, his firstborn, “Get up and kill them.” But the young man did not draw his sword; he was fearful because he was still a youth.
  60. Judges 8:21גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, “Get up and kill us yourself, for as the man is, so is his strength.” So Gideon got up and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and he took the crescent ornaments from the necks of their camels.
  61. Judges 8:22גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then the Israelites said to Gideon, “Rule over us—you and your son and grandson—for you have saved us from the hand of Midian.”
  62. Judges 8:23גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    But Gideon replied, “I will not rule over you, nor will my son. The LORD shall rule over you.”
  63. Judges 8:24גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Then he added, “Let me make a request of you, that each of you give me an earring from his plunder.” (For the enemies had gold earrings because they were Ishmaelites.)
  64. Judges 8:26Referred to, not named
    The weight of the gold earrings he had requested was 1,700 shekels, in addition to the crescent ornaments, the pendants, the purple garments of the kings of Midian, and the chains from the necks of their camels.
  65. Judges 8:27גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    From all this Gideon made an ephod, which he placed in Ophrah, his hometown. But soon all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and his household.
  66. Judges 8:28גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    In this way Midian was subdued before the Israelites and did not raise its head again. So the land had rest for forty years in the days of Gideon,
  67. Judges 8:29יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    …and he—Jerubbaal son of Joash—returned home and settled down.
  68. Judges 8:30גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Gideon had seventy sons of his own, since he had many wives.
  69. Judges 8:31Referred to, not named
    His concubine, who dwelt in Shechem, also bore him a son, and he named him Abimelech.
  70. Judges 8:32גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    Later, Gideon son of Joash died at a ripe old age and was buried in the tomb of his father Joash in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
  71. Judges 8:33גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon
    And as soon as Gideon was dead, the Israelites turned and prostituted themselves with the Baals, and they set up Baal-berith as their god.
  72. Judges 8:35גִּדְעוֹן · Gideon; יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    They did not show kindness to the house of Jerubbaal (that is, Gideon) for all the good things he had done for Israel.
  73. Judges 9:1יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    Now Abimelech son of Jerubbaal went to his mother’s brothers at Shechem and said to them and to all the clan of his mother,
  74. Judges 9:2יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    “Please ask all the leaders of Shechem, ‘Is it better for you that seventy men, all the sons of Jerubbaal, rule over you, or just one man?’ Remember that I am your own flesh and blood.”
  75. Judges 9:5יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    He went to his father’s house in Ophrah, and on one stone murdered his seventy brothers, the sons of Jerubbaal. But Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, survived, because he hid himself.
  76. Judges 9:16יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    Now if you have acted faithfully and honestly in making Abimelech king, if you have done well by Jerubbaal and his family, and if you have done to him as he deserves—
  77. Judges 9:19יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    …if you have acted faithfully and honestly toward Jerubbaal and his house this day, then may you rejoice in Abimelech, and he in you.
  78. Judges 9:24יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    …in order that the crime against the seventy sons of Jerubbaal might come to justice and their blood be avenged on their brother Abimelech and on the leaders of Shechem, who had helped him murder his brothers.
  79. Judges 9:28יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    Then Gaal son of Ebed said, “Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal, and is not Zebul his officer? You are to serve the men of Hamor, the father of Shechem. Why should we serve Abimelech?
  80. Judges 9:57יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    And God also brought all the wickedness of the men of Shechem back upon their own heads. So the curse of Jotham son of Jerubbaal came upon them.
  81. 1 Samuel 12:11יְרֻבַּ֫עַל · Jerubbaal
    So the LORD sent Jerubbaal, Barak, Jephthah, and Samuel, and He delivered you from the hands of your enemies on every side, and you dwelt securely.
  82. 2 Samuel 11:21יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת · Jerubbesheth
    Who struck Abimelech son of Jerubbesheth? Was it not a woman who dropped an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died in Thebez? Why did you get so close to the wall?’ If he asks you this, then you are to say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead as well.’”
  83. Hebrews 11:32Γεδεών · Gideon
    And what more shall I say? Time will not allow me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the prophets,
  84. Hebrews 11:33Referred to, not named
    …who through faith conquered kingdoms, administered justice, and gained what was promised; who shut the mouths of lions,
  85. Hebrews 11:34Referred to, not named
    …quenched the raging fire, and escaped the edge of the sword; who gained strength from weakness, became mighty in battle, and put foreign armies to flight.