Israel

Israel, also named Jacob, was the son of Isaac, the father of the twelve tribes of Israel, and a key patriarch of the Jewish people.

The name Israel means “who prevails with God”

MaleEarly PatriarchPatriarchs eraOld & New Testaments47 books3,504 verses

Summary

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Genesis 25:26; referred to as Israel (Aramiac יִשְׂרָאֵל), Jacob (יַעֲקֹב), Jeshurun (יְשֻׁרוּן), Israelite (יִשְׂרְאֵלִי), Israelitess (יִשְׂרְאֵלִית), Israelite (Ἰσραήλ), Jacob (Ἰακώβ), or Israel (Ἰσραηλίτης); son of Isaac and Rebekah; a brother of Esau; husband of Rachel and Leah, with concubines Zilpah and Bilhah; father of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Dinah, Joseph and Benjamin.

Profile

Jacob was the younger twin son of Isaac and Rebekah. He struggled with his twin brother Esau in the womb and was born holding Esau’s heel (Genesis 25:21–26). God told Rebekah that the boys symbolized two nations and that the older son would serve the younger (Genesis 25:23).

Isaac favored Esau, who loved the outdoors, while Rebekah preferred Jacob, who enjoyed staying at home. One day, Esau came back very hungry from hunting, and Jacob traded him some red stew for his inheritance rights (Genesis 25:27–34; see Hebrews 12:16). Later, Isaac asked Esau to prepare wild game for him to eat so he could bless him (Genesis 27:1–4; compare 25:28). However, Rebekah sent Jacob to trick Isaac into giving him the blessing instead, and her plan worked (Genesis 27:5–29). Jacob's deception was soon discovered (Genesis 27:30–35). But legally, valid blessings were unchangeable promises (27:33). So Isaac gave Esau a lesser blessing (Genesis 27:36–40). Esau planned to kill Jacob (27:41). Rebekah persuaded Isaac to send Jacob to her brother Laban so Jacob could marry within the family (Genesis 27:42–46).

Isaac gave the covenant promises to Jacob and sent him to Haran (Genesis 28:1–5). On the way, God appeared to Jacob in a dream and confirmed the promises of land and descendants given to Abraham and Isaac (Genesis 28:10–15). Jacob worshiped the Lord and named the place Bethel, meaning "house of God."

In Haran, Jacob worked for his uncle Laban (Genesis 29–31). Jacob loved Laban's daughter Rachel and worked seven years to marry her. However, Laban tricked him by giving him his older daughter Leah on the wedding night. Jacob then worked another seven years for Rachel and six more years to build his own flocks (Genesis 30:25–43; see also 31:38–42). Despite many challenges, he had thirteen children and became very wealthy.

After twenty years, God told Jacob to return to Canaan (Genesis 31:3). Jacob feared Laban and his sons (Genesis 31:1–2). So, he organized his caravan and left while Laban was away (31:4–21). Laban chased after him, but God stopped him from harming Jacob (Genesis 31:22–24, 29). Instead, Laban scolded Jacob for leaving secretly and accused him of stealing his idols (Genesis 31:25–30). Jacob allowed Laban to search his tents, but the idols were not found (Genesis 31:33–35). Jacob then became angry (Genesis 31:36–42). Although their conflict was unresolved, the two men made a peace agreement (Genesis 31:43–54). The location became a lasting boundary between Israel and Aram.

Jacob now faced Esau and God. When Esau came with four hundred men, Jacob asked for God's protection and sent gifts to make peace with his brother, whom he had not seen for many years (Genesis 32:3–21). That night, in an event symbolizing his life, Jacob wrestled with a man who dislocated his hip and gave him the blessing he wanted (Genesis 32:22–32). God also changed his name to Israel, meaning "God fights."

In the morning, Jacob met Esau, and they reconciled (Genesis 33:1–11). Esau was kind and forgiving, and Jacob shared some of his blessings. Esau then returned to Seir, while Jacob continued to Canaan. In Shechem, Jacob bought land and built an altar (Genesis 33:18–20). He then moved to Bethel and removed all foreign idols from his household (Genesis 35:1–8). God reaffirmed Jacob's new name, Israel, and renewed his promises of land and descendants (Genesis 35:9–15).

Jacob favored Rachel and her son Joseph (Genesis 37:1–3). Joseph's brothers grew jealous and hated him. Joseph's dreams made them angrier (Genesis 37:4–11), so they sold him as a slave (Genesis 37:12–28). For over twenty years, Jacob thought Joseph was dead. Jacob only learned Joseph was alive after sending Benjamin to Egypt with Judah. Joseph then helped his family during the famine (Genesis 43:1–14; 45:24–28). Jacob felt renewed and moved to Egypt. He joyfully reunited with Joseph in Goshen (Genesis 46:28–30) and thrived for seventeen more years.

When Jacob was near death at age 147, he planned for his family's future. He made Joseph promise to bury him in Canaan (Genesis 47:29–31; 49:29–32). He gave Joseph’s sons his main blessing and placed Ephraim, the younger son, first (Genesis 48:1–20). He assured the family they would return to Canaan (Genesis 48:21–22). Then he blessed each of his sons and predicted the future of their descendants (Genesis 49:1–28). He died and was buried in the cave of Machpelah, accompanied by his sons and a large Egyptian procession (Genesis 49:33–50:13). His death marked the end of the patriarchal age and the start of Israel’s growth as a nation in Egypt until they returned to live in the promised land (see Exodus—Joshua).

The name "Jacob" became another name for the nation of Israel (see Numbers 23:7, 21; 24:5; Hosea 12:2). God called the nation to serve him as their ancestors did (Hosea 12:3–14). He promised Israel the same love he showed Jacob (Malachi 1:2). He also promised that a powerful leader would come from Jacob's descendants (Genesis 49:8–12; Numbers 24:17–19).

Passages for Further Study

Genesis 25:19–34; 27:1–35:29; 37:1–35; 42:1–4, 29–38; 43:1–13; 45:25–50:14; Exodus 1:1–5; Numbers 23:7–10, 20–23; 24:5–9, 17–19; Deuteronomy 26:5; Joshua 24:4, 32; Hosea 12:2–14; Malachi 1:2; John 4:5–6, 12; Acts 7:8–16; Romans 9:10–13; Hebrews 11:8–9, 20–21

Events

Dates are approximate

Glossary entries

Jacob Jeshurun Israel (Person) Israelite Jesurun

Family members

Father

Isaac

Mother

Rebekah

Spouse

Bilhah Leah Rachel Zilpah

Siblings

Esau

Family tree

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Alternative names

Mentions

3,504 verses

Includes 926 verses that refer to Israel without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.

  1. Matthew 15:31Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    The crowd was amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled restored, the lame walking, and the blind seeing. And they glorified the God of Israel.
  2. Matthew 19:28Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
  3. Matthew 22:32Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”
  4. Matthew 27:9Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Then what was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: “They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price set on Him by the people of Israel,
  5. Matthew 27:42Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    “He saved others, but He cannot save Himself. He is the King of Israel! Let Him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in Him.
  6. Mark 12:26Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    But concerning the dead rising, have you not read about the burning bush in the Book of Moses, how God told him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
  7. Mark 12:29Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Jesus replied, “This is the most important: ‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.
  8. Mark 12:30Referred to, not named
    Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’
  9. Mark 15:32Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Let the Christ, the King of Israel, come down now from the cross, so that we may see and believe!” And even those who were crucified with Him berated Him.
  10. Luke 1:16Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Many of the sons of Israel he will turn back to the Lord their God.
  11. Luke 1:33Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    …and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever. His kingdom will never end!”
  12. Luke 1:54Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    He has helped His servant Israel, remembering to be merciful,
  13. Luke 1:68Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    “Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, because He has visited and redeemed His people.
  14. Luke 1:80Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    And the child grew and became strong in spirit; and he lived in the wilderness until the time of his public appearance to Israel.
  15. Luke 2:25Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Now there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon, who was righteous and devout. He was waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him.
  16. Luke 2:32Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    …a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to Your people Israel.”
  17. Luke 2:34Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Then Simeon blessed them and said to His mother Mary: “Behold, this Child is appointed to cause the rise and fall of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be spoken against,
  18. Luke 3:34Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    …the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,
  19. Luke 4:25Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    But I tell you truthfully that there were many widows in Israel in the time of Elijah, when the sky was shut for three and a half years and great famine swept over all the land.
  20. Luke 4:27Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet. Yet not one of them was cleansed—only Naaman the Syrian.”
  21. Luke 7:9Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    When Jesus heard this, He marveled at the centurion. Turning to the crowd following Him, He said, “I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such great faith.”
  22. Luke 13:28Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, but you yourselves are thrown out.
  23. Luke 20:37Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    Even Moses demonstrates that the dead are raised, in the passage about the burning bush. For he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’
  24. Luke 22:30Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    …so that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
  25. Luke 24:21Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    But we were hoping He was the One who would redeem Israel. And besides all this, it is the third day since these things took place.
  26. John 1:31Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    I myself did not know Him, but the reason I came baptizing with water was that He might be revealed to Israel.”
  27. John 1:47Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, He said of him, “Here is a true Israelite, in whom there is no deceit.”
  28. John 1:49Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    “Rabbi,” Nathanael answered, “You are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel!”
  29. John 3:10Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    “You are Israel’s teacher,” said Jesus, “and you do not understand these things?
  30. John 3:11Referred to, not named
    Truly, truly, I tell you, we speak of what we know, and we testify to what we have seen, and yet you people do not accept our testimony.
  31. John 3:12Referred to, not named
    If I have told you about earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things?
  32. John 4:5Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    So He came to a town of Samaria called Sychar, near the plot of ground that Jacob had given to his son Joseph.
  33. John 4:6Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    Since Jacob’s well was there, Jesus, weary from His journey, sat down by the well. It was about the sixth hour.
  34. John 4:12Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    Are You greater than our father Jacob, who gave us this well and drank from it himself, as did his sons and his livestock?”
  35. John 12:13Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    They took palm branches and went out to meet Him, shouting: “Hosanna!” “Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!” “Blessed is the King of Israel!”
  36. Acts 1:6Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    So when they came together, they asked Him, “Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?”
  37. Acts 2:22Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    Men of Israel, listen to this message: Jesus of Nazareth was a man certified by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs, which God did among you through Him, as you yourselves know.
  38. Acts 2:36Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Therefore let all Israel know with certainty that God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ!”
  39. Acts 3:12Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    And when Peter saw this, he addressed the people: “Men of Israel, why are you surprised by this? Why do you stare at us as if by our own power or godliness we had made this man walk?
  40. Acts 3:13Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified His servant Jesus. You handed Him over and rejected Him before Pilate, even though he had decided to release Him.
  41. Acts 4:8Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers and elders of the people!
  42. Acts 4:10Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    …then let this be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed.
  43. Acts 4:27Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    In fact, this is the very city where Herod and Pontius Pilate conspired with the Gentiles and the people of Israel against Your holy servant Jesus, whom You anointed.
  44. Acts 5:21Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    At daybreak the apostles entered the temple courts as they had been told and began to teach the people. When the high priest and his associates arrived, they convened the Sanhedrin—the full assembly of the elders of Israel—and sent to the jail for the apostles.
  45. Acts 5:31Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    God exalted Him to His right hand as Prince and Savior, in order to grant repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel.
  46. Acts 5:35Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    “Men of Israel,” he said, “consider carefully what you are about to do to these men.
  47. Acts 7:8Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    Then God gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision, and Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him on the eighth day. And Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob of the twelve patriarchs.
  48. Acts 7:12Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers on their first visit.
  49. Acts 7:14Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    Then Joseph sent for his father Jacob and all his relatives, seventy-five in all.
  50. Acts 7:15Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    So Jacob went down to Egypt, where he and our fathers died.
  51. Acts 7:16Referred to, not named
    Their bones were carried back to Shechem and placed in the tomb that Abraham had bought from the sons of Hamor at Shechem for a price he paid in silver.
  52. Acts 7:23Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    When Moses was forty years old, he decided to visit his brothers, the children of Israel.
  53. Acts 7:32Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    ‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.’ Moses trembled with fear and did not dare to look.
  54. Acts 7:37Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    This is the same Moses who told the Israelites, ‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.’
  55. Acts 7:42Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    But God turned away from them and gave them over to the worship of the host of heaven, as it is written in the book of the prophets: ‘Did you bring Me sacrifices and offerings forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?
  56. Acts 7:46Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    …who found favor in the sight of God and asked to provide a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.
  57. Acts 9:15Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    “Go!” said the Lord. “This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings, and before the people of Israel.
  58. Acts 10:36Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    He has sent this message to the people of Israel, proclaiming the gospel of peace through Jesus Christ, who is Lord of all.
  59. Acts 13:16Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    Paul stood up, motioned with his hand, and began to speak: “Men of Israel and you Gentiles who fear God, listen to me!
  60. Acts 13:17Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers. He made them into a great people during their stay in Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He led them out of that land.
  61. Acts 13:23Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    From the descendants of this man, God has brought to Israel the Savior Jesus, as He promised.
  62. Acts 13:24Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Before the arrival of Jesus, John preached a baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel.
  63. Acts 21:28Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    …crying out, “Men of Israel, help us! This is the man who teaches everyone everywhere against our people and against our law and against this place. Furthermore, he has brought Greeks into the temple and defiled this holy place.”
  64. Acts 28:20Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    So for this reason I have called to see you and speak with you. It is because of the hope of Israel that I am bound with this chain.”
  65. Romans 9:4Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    …the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises.
  66. Romans 9:5Referred to, not named
    Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ, who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.
  67. Romans 9:6Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    It is not as though God’s word has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.
  68. Romans 9:13Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    So it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”
  69. Romans 9:27Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the Israelites is like the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved.
  70. Romans 9:29Referred to, not named
    It is just as Isaiah foretold: “Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah.”
  71. Romans 9:31Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    …but Israel, who pursued a law of righteousness, has not attained it.
  72. Romans 9:32Referred to, not named
    Why not? Because their pursuit was not by faith, but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,
  73. Romans 10:1Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is for their salvation.
  74. Romans 10:2Referred to, not named
    For I testify about them that they are zealous for God, but not on the basis of knowledge.
  75. Romans 10:3Referred to, not named
    Because they were ignorant of God’s righteousness and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.
  76. Romans 10:6Referred to, not named
    But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ (that is, to bring Christ down)
  77. Romans 10:8Referred to, not named
    But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,” that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming:
  78. Romans 10:19Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    I ask instead, did Israel not understand? First, Moses says: “I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation; I will make you angry by a nation without understanding.”
  79. Romans 10:21Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    But as for Israel he says: “All day long I have held out My hands to a disobedient and obstinate people.”
  80. Romans 11:1Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    I ask then, did God reject His people? Certainly not! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.
  81. Romans 11:2Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    God did not reject His people, whom He foreknew. Do you not know what the Scripture says about Elijah, how he appealed to God against Israel:
  82. Romans 11:3Referred to, not named
    “Lord, they have killed Your prophets and torn down Your altars. I am the only one left, and they are seeking my life as well”?
  83. Romans 11:7Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened,
  84. Romans 11:25Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, so that you will not be conceited: A hardening in part has come to Israel, until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.
  85. Romans 11:26Ἰσραήλ · Israel; Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: “The Deliverer will come from Zion; He will remove godlessness from Jacob.
  86. Romans 11:27Referred to, not named
    And this is My covenant with them when I take away their sins.”
  87. Romans 11:30Referred to, not named
    Just as you who formerly disobeyed God have now received mercy through their disobedience,
  88. Romans 11:31Referred to, not named
    …so they too have now disobeyed, in order that they too may now receive mercy through the mercy shown to you.
  89. 1 Corinthians 10:18Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Consider the people of Israel: Are not those who eat the sacrifices fellow partakers in the altar?
  90. 2 Corinthians 3:7Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Now if the ministry of death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with such glory that the Israelites could not gaze at the face of Moses because of its fleeting glory,
  91. 2 Corinthians 3:13Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at the end of what was fading away.
  92. 2 Corinthians 11:22Ἰσραηλίτης · Israel
    Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I.
  93. Galatians 6:16Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    Peace and mercy to all who walk by this rule, even to the Israel of God.
  94. Ephesians 2:12Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    …remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world.
  95. Philippians 3:5Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    …circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee;
  96. Hebrews 8:8Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    But God found fault with the people and said: “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah.
  97. Hebrews 8:10Ἰσραήλ · Israel
    For this is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord. I will put My laws in their minds and inscribe them on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they will be My people.
  98. Hebrews 11:9Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    By faith he dwelt in the promised land as a stranger in a foreign country. He lived in tents, as did Isaac and Jacob, who were heirs with him of the same promise.
  99. Hebrews 11:20Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning the future.
  100. Hebrews 11:21Ἰακώβ · Jacob
    By faith Jacob, when he was dying, blessed each of Joseph’s sons and worshiped as he leaned on the top of his staff.