Solomon
The name Solomon means “peaceable; perfect; one who recompenses”
Summary
Profile
Solomon was the third king of Israel and the second son of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:13–25). He ruled for forty years, from 971 to 931 BC. When Solomon first became king he had strong faith in God. But, he ended his life worshiping idols, which led to the destruction of his kingdom.
As King David neared death, his son Adonijah tried to make himself king with support from the priest Abiathar and the general Joab (1 Kings 1:1–53). However, the kingdom was promised to Solomon (1 Kings 1:17; see 2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Chronicles 28:4–7). So, Bathsheba and the prophet Nathan told David about Adonijah’s plans. David quickly arranged for Solomon to be officially declared king. Then David advised Solomon to follow God faithfully (1 Kings 2:1–9).
Solomon loved God and asked for his help. God offered him a gift, and Solomon chose wisdom over long life, riches, or fame. As a result, God granted Solomon all of these:
He ruled wisely (1 Kings 3:16–28).
He earned worldwide respect (1 Kings 4:20–34).
He wrote the Song of Songs, most of Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes.
Rabbis (Jewish teachers) said these books reflect three stages of his life: “When a man is young he composes songs; when he grows older he makes sententious remarks; and when he becomes an old man he speaks of the vanity of things” (Midrash Rabbah). He also built the temple in Jerusalem and his palace. He expanded trade and increased Israel's wealth and security. His wisdom and wealth were famous. The queen of Sheba visited Jerusalem to see him herself (1 Kings 10:1–29).
Solomon made many foreign alliances and married many foreign women, starting with the daughter of Egypt’s pharaoh (1 Kings 3:1). His foreign wives led him away from God and toward idols. Later in life, Solomon, once wise, became very foolish under their influence. He worshiped false gods and treated his people badly. As a result, God used Jeroboam to take away a large part of Solomon's kingdom.
Even so, the New Testament remembers Solomon’s wisdom and glory as the example by which others are judged. Jesus is the incarnation of God's wisdom (or God's wisdom in human form), which greatly exceeds Solomon's (Matthew 12:42; Luke 11:31).
Passages for Further Study
2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Kings 1:1–11:43; 2 Chronicles 1:1–9:31; Psalms 72:1–20; 127:1–5; Proverbs 1:1; Matthew 6:28–30; 12:42; Luke 11:31; 12:27
Events
Glossary entries
Family members
Family tree
Alternative names
- Σολομών, ΣαλωμώνSolomon
- יְדִידְיָהJedidiahmeans “beloved of the Lord”
- שְׁלֹמֹהSolomon
Mentions
Includes 171 verses that refer to Solomon without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.
- 1 Kings 6:21שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Solomon overlaid the inside of the temple with pure gold, and he extended gold chains across the front of the inner sanctuary, which was overlaid with gold.
- 1 Kings 6:22Referred to, not namedSo he overlaid with gold the whole interior of the temple, until everything was completely finished. He also overlaid with gold the entire altar that belonged to the inner sanctuary.
- 1 Kings 6:23Referred to, not namedIn the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim, each ten cubits high, out of olive wood.
- 1 Kings 6:27Referred to, not namedAnd he placed the cherubim inside the innermost room of the temple. Since their wings were spread out, the wing of the first cherub touched one wall, while the wing of the second cherub touched the other wall, and in the middle of the room their wingtips touched.
- 1 Kings 6:28Referred to, not namedHe also overlaid the cherubim with gold.
- 1 Kings 6:29Referred to, not namedThen he carved the walls all around the temple, in both the inner and outer sanctuaries, with carved engravings of cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers.
- 1 Kings 6:30Referred to, not namedAnd he overlaid the temple floor with gold in both the inner and outer sanctuaries.
- 1 Kings 6:31Referred to, not namedFor the entrance to the inner sanctuary, Solomon constructed doors of olive wood with five-sided doorposts.
- 1 Kings 6:32Referred to, not namedThe double doors were made of olive wood, and he carved into them cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers and overlaid the cherubim and palm trees with hammered gold.
- 1 Kings 6:33Referred to, not namedIn the same way he made four-sided doorposts of olive wood for the sanctuary entrance.
- 1 Kings 6:35Referred to, not namedHe carved into them cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers, and he overlaid them with gold hammered evenly over the carvings.
- 1 Kings 6:36Referred to, not namedSolomon built the inner courtyard with three rows of dressed stone and one row of trimmed cedar beams.
- 1 Kings 6:38Referred to, not namedIn the eleventh year, in the month of Bul, the eighth month, the temple was finished in every detail and according to every specification. So he built the temple in seven years.
- 1 Kings 7:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon, however, took thirteen years to complete the construction of his entire palace.
- 1 Kings 7:2Referred to, not namedHe built the House of the Forest of Lebanon a hundred cubits long, fifty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high, with four rows of cedar pillars supporting the cedar beams.
- 1 Kings 7:6Referred to, not namedSolomon made his colonnade fifty cubits long and thirty cubits wide, with a portico in front of it and a canopy with pillars in front of the portico.
- 1 Kings 7:7Referred to, not namedIn addition, he built a hall for the throne, the Hall of Justice, where he was to judge. It was paneled with cedar from floor to ceiling.
- 1 Kings 7:8שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd the palace where Solomon would live, set further back, was of similar construction. He also made a palace like this hall for Pharaoh’s daughter, whom he had married.
- 1 Kings 7:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow King Solomon sent to bring Huram from Tyre.
- 1 Kings 7:14שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonHe was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a craftsman in bronze. Huram had great skill, understanding, and knowledge for every kind of bronze work. So he came to King Solomon and carried out all his work.
- 1 Kings 7:40שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAdditionally, Huram made the pots, shovels, and sprinkling bowls. So Huram finished all the work that he had undertaken for King Solomon in the house of the LORD:
- 1 Kings 7:45שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…and the pots, shovels, and sprinkling bowls. All the articles that Huram made for King Solomon in the house of the LORD were made of burnished bronze.
- 1 Kings 7:47שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon left all these articles unweighed, because there were so many. The weight of the bronze could not be determined.
- 1 Kings 7:48שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon also made all the furnishings for the house of the LORD: the golden altar; the golden table on which was placed the Bread of the Presence;
- 1 Kings 7:51שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo all the work that King Solomon had performed for the house of the LORD was completed. Then Solomon brought in the items his father David had dedicated—the silver, the gold, and the furnishings—and he placed them in the treasuries of the house of the LORD.
- 1 Kings 8:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAt that time Solomon assembled before him in Jerusalem the elders of Israel—all the tribal heads and family leaders of the Israelites—to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD from Zion, the City of David.
- 1 Kings 8:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd all the men of Israel came together to King Solomon at the feast in the seventh month, the month of Ethanim.
- 1 Kings 8:5שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThere, before the ark, King Solomon and the whole congregation of Israel who had assembled with him sacrificed so many sheep and oxen that they could not be counted or numbered.
- 1 Kings 8:12שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon declared: “The LORD has said that He would dwell in the thick cloud.
- 1 Kings 8:13Referred to, not namedI have indeed built You an exalted house, a place for You to dwell forever.”
- 1 Kings 8:22שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in front of the whole assembly of Israel, spread out his hands toward heaven,
- 1 Kings 8:23Referred to, not named…and said: “O LORD, God of Israel, there is no God like You in heaven above or on earth below, keeping Your covenant of loving devotion with Your servants who walk before You with all their hearts.
- 1 Kings 8:24Referred to, not namedYou have kept Your promise to Your servant, my father David. What You spoke with Your mouth You have fulfilled with Your hand this day.
- 1 Kings 8:25Referred to, not namedTherefore now, O LORD, God of Israel, keep for Your servant, my father David, what You promised when You said: ‘You will never fail to have a man to sit before Me on the throne of Israel, if only your descendants guard their way to walk before Me as you have done.’
- 1 Kings 8:26Referred to, not namedAnd now, O God of Israel, please confirm what You promised to Your servant, my father David.
- 1 Kings 8:27Referred to, not namedBut will God indeed dwell upon the earth? The heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain You, much less this temple I have built.
- 1 Kings 8:28Referred to, not namedYet regard the prayer and plea of Your servant, O LORD my God, so that You may hear the cry and the prayer that Your servant is praying before You today.
- 1 Kings 8:54שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow when Solomon had finished praying this entire prayer and petition to the LORD, he got up before the altar of the LORD, where he had been kneeling with his hands spread out toward heaven.
- 1 Kings 8:55Referred to, not namedAnd he stood and blessed the whole assembly of Israel in a loud voice, saying:
- 1 Kings 8:57Referred to, not namedMay the LORD our God be with us, as He was with our fathers. May He never leave us or forsake us.
- 1 Kings 8:58Referred to, not namedMay He incline our hearts to Himself, to walk in all His ways and to keep the commandments and statutes and ordinances He commanded our fathers.
- 1 Kings 8:59Referred to, not namedAnd may these words with which I have made my petition before the LORD be near to the LORD our God day and night, so that He may uphold the cause of His servant and of His people Israel as each day requires,
- 1 Kings 8:63שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Solomon offered as peace offerings to the LORD 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the Israelites dedicated the house of the LORD.
- 1 Kings 8:65שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast before the LORD our God for seven days and seven more days—fourteen days in all.
- 1 Kings 8:66Referred to, not namedOn the fifteenth day Solomon sent the people away. So they blessed the king and went home, joyful and glad in heart for all the good things that the LORD had done for His servant David and for His people Israel.
- 1 Kings 9:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow when Solomon had finished building the house of the LORD and the royal palace, and had achieved all that he had desired to do,
- 1 Kings 9:2שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…the LORD appeared to him a second time, as He had appeared to him at Gibeon.
- 1 Kings 9:3Referred to, not namedAnd the LORD said to him: “I have heard your prayer and petition before Me. I have consecrated this temple, which you have built, by putting My Name there forever; My eyes and My heart will be there for all time.
- 1 Kings 9:4Referred to, not namedAnd as for you, if you walk before Me as your father David walked, with a heart of integrity and uprightness, doing all I have commanded you, and if you keep My statutes and ordinances,
- 1 Kings 9:5Referred to, not named…then I will establish your royal throne over Israel forever, as I promised your father David when I said, ‘You will never fail to have a man on the throne of Israel.’
- 1 Kings 9:10שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow at the end of the twenty years during which Solomon built these two houses, the house of the LORD and the royal palace,
- 1 Kings 9:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon gave twenty towns in the land of Galilee to Hiram king of Tyre, who had supplied him with cedar and cypress logs and gold for his every desire.
- 1 Kings 9:12שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Hiram went out from Tyre to inspect the towns that Solomon had given him, but he was not pleased with them.
- 1 Kings 9:15שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThis is the account of the forced labor that King Solomon imposed to build the house of the LORD, his own palace, the supporting terraces, and the wall of Jerusalem, as well as Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer.
- 1 Kings 9:16שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonPharaoh king of Egypt had attacked and captured Gezer. He had set it on fire, killed the Canaanites who lived in the city, and given it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon’s wife.
- 1 Kings 9:17שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Solomon rebuilt Gezer, Lower Beth-horon,
- 1 Kings 9:19שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…as well as all the store cities that Solomon had for his chariots and horses—whatever he desired to build in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout the land of his dominion.
- 1 Kings 9:21שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites were unable to devote to destruction—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.
- 1 Kings 9:22שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonBut Solomon did not consign any of the Israelites to slavery, because they were his men of war, his servants, his officers, his captains, and the commanders of his chariots and cavalry.
- 1 Kings 9:23שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThey were also the chief officers over Solomon’s projects: 550 supervisors over the people who did the work.
- 1 Kings 9:24Referred to, not namedAs soon as Pharaoh’s daughter had come up from the City of David to the palace that Solomon had built for her, he built the supporting terraces.
- 1 Kings 9:25שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThree times a year Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings on the altar he had built for the LORD, burning incense with them before the LORD. So he completed the temple.
- 1 Kings 9:26שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon also assembled a fleet of ships at Ezion-geber, which is near Eloth in Edom, on the shore of the Red Sea.
- 1 Kings 9:27שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Hiram sent his servants, sailors who knew the sea, to serve in the fleet with Solomon’s servants.
- 1 Kings 9:28שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThey sailed to Ophir and imported gold from there—420 talents—and delivered it to Solomon.
- 1 Kings 10:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to test him with difficult questions.
- 1 Kings 10:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonShe arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in great abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke to him all that was on her mind.
- 1 Kings 10:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Solomon answered all her questions; nothing was too difficult for the king to explain.
- 1 Kings 10:4שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen the queen of Sheba saw all the wisdom of Solomon, the palace he had built,
- 1 Kings 10:5Referred to, not named…the food at his table, the seating of his servants, the service and attire of his attendants, his cupbearers, and the burnt offerings he presented at the house of the LORD, it took her breath away.
- 1 Kings 10:10שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen she gave the king 120 talents of gold, a great quantity of spices, and precious stones. Never again were spices in such abundance brought in as those the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.
- 1 Kings 10:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all she desired—whatever she asked—besides what he had given her out of his royal bounty. Then she left and returned to her own country, along with her servants.
- 1 Kings 10:14שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents,
- 1 Kings 10:16שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; six hundred shekels of gold went into each shield.
- 1 Kings 10:21שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAll King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon.
- 1 Kings 10:23שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.
- 1 Kings 10:24שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe whole world sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart.
- 1 Kings 10:26שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon accumulated 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses, which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem.
- 1 Kings 10:28שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue.
- 1 Kings 11:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon, however, loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh—women of Moab, Ammon, Edom, and Sidon, as well as Hittite women.
- 1 Kings 11:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThese women were from the nations about which the LORD had told the Israelites, “You must not intermarry with them, for surely they will turn your hearts after their gods.” Yet Solomon clung to these women in love.
- 1 Kings 11:3Referred to, not namedHe had seven hundred wives of royal birth and three hundred concubines—and his wives turned his heart away.
- 1 Kings 11:4שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonFor when Solomon grew old, his wives turned his heart after other gods, and he was not wholeheartedly devoted to the LORD his God, as his father David had been.
- 1 Kings 11:5שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians and Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites.
- 1 Kings 11:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Solomon did evil in the sight of the LORD; unlike his father David, he did not follow the LORD completely.
- 1 Kings 11:7שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAt that time on a hill east of Jerusalem, Solomon built a high place for Chemosh the abomination of Moab and for Molech the abomination of the Ammonites.
- 1 Kings 11:8Referred to, not namedHe did the same for all his foreign wives, who burned incense and sacrificed to their gods.
- 1 Kings 11:9שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow the LORD grew angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the LORD, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice.
- 1 Kings 11:10Referred to, not namedAlthough He had warned Solomon explicitly not to follow other gods, Solomon did not keep the LORD’s command.
- 1 Kings 11:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen the LORD said to Solomon, “Because you have done this and have not kept My covenant and My statutes, which I have commanded you, I will tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant.
- 1 Kings 11:12Referred to, not namedNevertheless, for the sake of your father David, I will not do it during your lifetime; I will tear it out of the hand of your son.
- 1 Kings 11:13Referred to, not namedYet I will not tear the whole kingdom away from him. I will give one tribe to your son for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen.”
- 1 Kings 11:14שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen the LORD raised up against Solomon an adversary, Hadad the Edomite, from the royal line of Edom.
- 1 Kings 11:23Referred to, not namedAnd God raised up against Solomon another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliada, who had fled from his master, Hadadezer king of Zobah,
- 1 Kings 11:25שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonRezon was Israel’s enemy throughout the days of Solomon, adding to the trouble caused by Hadad. So Rezon ruled over Aram with hostility toward Israel.
- 1 Kings 11:26שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow Jeroboam son of Nebat was an Ephraimite from Zeredah whose mother was a widow named Zeruah. Jeroboam was a servant of Solomon, but he rebelled against the king,
- 1 Kings 11:27שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…and this is the account of his rebellion against the king. Solomon had built the supporting terraces and repaired the gap in the wall of the city of his father David.
- 1 Kings 11:28שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow Jeroboam was a mighty man of valor. So when Solomon noticed that the young man was industrious, he put him in charge of the whole labor force of the house of Joseph.
- 1 Kings 11:31שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…and said to Jeroboam, “Take ten pieces for yourself, for this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and I will give you ten tribes.
- 1 Kings 11:32Referred to, not namedBut one tribe will remain for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, the city I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel.