Solomon
The name Solomon means “peaceable; perfect; one who recompenses”
Summary
Profile
Solomon was the third king of Israel and the second son of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:13–25). He ruled for forty years, from 971 to 931 BC. When Solomon first became king he had strong faith in God. But, he ended his life worshiping idols, which led to the destruction of his kingdom.
As King David neared death, his son Adonijah tried to make himself king with support from the priest Abiathar and the general Joab (1 Kings 1:1–53). However, the kingdom was promised to Solomon (1 Kings 1:17; see 2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Chronicles 28:4–7). So, Bathsheba and the prophet Nathan told David about Adonijah’s plans. David quickly arranged for Solomon to be officially declared king. Then David advised Solomon to follow God faithfully (1 Kings 2:1–9).
Solomon loved God and asked for his help. God offered him a gift, and Solomon chose wisdom over long life, riches, or fame. As a result, God granted Solomon all of these:
He ruled wisely (1 Kings 3:16–28).
He earned worldwide respect (1 Kings 4:20–34).
He wrote the Song of Songs, most of Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes.
Rabbis (Jewish teachers) said these books reflect three stages of his life: “When a man is young he composes songs; when he grows older he makes sententious remarks; and when he becomes an old man he speaks of the vanity of things” (Midrash Rabbah). He also built the temple in Jerusalem and his palace. He expanded trade and increased Israel's wealth and security. His wisdom and wealth were famous. The queen of Sheba visited Jerusalem to see him herself (1 Kings 10:1–29).
Solomon made many foreign alliances and married many foreign women, starting with the daughter of Egypt’s pharaoh (1 Kings 3:1). His foreign wives led him away from God and toward idols. Later in life, Solomon, once wise, became very foolish under their influence. He worshiped false gods and treated his people badly. As a result, God used Jeroboam to take away a large part of Solomon's kingdom.
Even so, the New Testament remembers Solomon’s wisdom and glory as the example by which others are judged. Jesus is the incarnation of God's wisdom (or God's wisdom in human form), which greatly exceeds Solomon's (Matthew 12:42; Luke 11:31).
Passages for Further Study
2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Kings 1:1–11:43; 2 Chronicles 1:1–9:31; Psalms 72:1–20; 127:1–5; Proverbs 1:1; Matthew 6:28–30; 12:42; Luke 11:31; 12:27
Events
Glossary entries
Family members
Family tree
Alternative names
- Σολομών, ΣαλωμώνSolomon
- יְדִידְיָהJedidiahmeans “beloved of the Lord”
- שְׁלֹמֹהSolomon
Mentions
Includes 171 verses that refer to Solomon without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.
- 1 Kings 11:33Referred to, not namedFor they have forsaken Me to worship Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the Ammonites. They have not walked in My ways, nor done what is right in My eyes, nor kept My statutes and judgments, as Solomon’s father David did.
- 1 Kings 11:34Referred to, not namedNevertheless, I will not take the whole kingdom out of Solomon’s hand, because I have made him ruler all the days of his life for the sake of David My servant, whom I chose because he kept My commandments and statutes.
- 1 Kings 11:35Referred to, not namedBut I will take ten tribes of the kingdom from the hand of his son and give them to you.
- 1 Kings 11:36Referred to, not namedI will give one tribe to his son, so that My servant David will always have a lamp before Me in Jerusalem, the city where I chose to put My Name.
- 1 Kings 11:40שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon therefore sought to kill Jeroboam. But Jeroboam arose and fled to Egypt, to Shishak king of Egypt, where he remained until the death of Solomon.
- 1 Kings 11:41שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAs for the rest of the acts of Solomon—all that he did, as well as his wisdom—are they not written in the Book of the Acts of Solomon?
- 1 Kings 11:42שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThus the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel was forty years.
- 1 Kings 11:43שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Solomon rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of his father David. And his son Rehoboam reigned in his place.
- 1 Kings 12:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen Jeroboam son of Nebat heard about this, he was still in Egypt where he had fled from King Solomon and had been living ever since.
- 1 Kings 12:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How do you advise me to respond to these people?” he asked.
- 1 Kings 12:21שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd when Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he mobilized the whole house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin—180,000 chosen warriors—to fight against the house of Israel and restore the kingdom to Rehoboam son of Solomon.
- 1 Kings 12:23שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon“Tell Rehoboam son of Solomon king of Judah, all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and the rest of the people
- 1 Kings 14:21שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonMeanwhile, Rehoboam son of Solomon reigned in Judah. He was forty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city the LORD had chosen from all the tribes of Israel in which to put His Name. His mother’s name was Naamah the Ammonite.
- 1 Kings 14:26שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonHe seized the treasures of the house of the LORD and of the royal palace. He took everything, including all the gold shields that Solomon had made.
- 2 Kings 21:7שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonManasseh even took the carved Asherah pole he had made and set it up in the temple, of which the LORD had said to David and his son Solomon, “In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will establish My Name forever.
- 2 Kings 23:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe king also desecrated the high places east of Jerusalem, to the south of the Mount of Corruption, which King Solomon of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites.
- 2 Kings 24:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAs the LORD had declared, Nebuchadnezzar also carried off all the treasures from the house of the LORD and the royal palace, and he cut into pieces all the gold articles that Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD.
- 2 Kings 25:16שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAs for the two pillars, the Sea, and the movable stands that Solomon had made for the house of the LORD, the weight of the bronze from all these articles was beyond measure.
- 1 Chronicles 3:5שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…and these sons were born to him in Jerusalem: Shimea, Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon. These four were born to him by Bathsheba daughter of Ammiel.
- 1 Chronicles 3:10שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon’s son was Rehoboam: Abijah was his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
- 1 Chronicles 6:10שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonJohanan was the father of Azariah, who served as priest in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem,
- 1 Chronicles 6:32שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThey ministered with song before the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, until Solomon built the house of the LORD in Jerusalem. And they performed their duties according to the regulations given them.
- 1 Chronicles 14:4שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThese are the names of the children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon,
- 1 Chronicles 18:8שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd from Tibhath and Cun, cities of Hadadezer, David took a large amount of bronze, with which Solomon made the bronze Sea, the pillars, and various bronze articles.
- 1 Chronicles 22:5שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd David said, “My son Solomon is young and inexperienced, and the house to be built for the LORD must be exceedingly magnificent—famous and glorious throughout all lands. Therefore I must make preparations for it.” So David made lavish preparations before his death.
- 1 Chronicles 22:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen David called for his son Solomon and instructed him to build a house for the LORD, the God of Israel.
- 1 Chronicles 22:7שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon“My son,” said David to Solomon, “it was in my heart to build a house for the Name of the LORD my God,
- 1 Chronicles 22:9שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonBut a son will be born to you who will be a man of rest. I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side; for his name will be Solomon, and I will grant to Israel peace and quiet during his reign.
- 1 Chronicles 22:17שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen David ordered all the leaders of Israel to help his son Solomon:
- 1 Chronicles 23:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen David was old and full of years, he installed his son Solomon as king over Israel.
- 1 Chronicles 28:5שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd of all my sons—for the LORD has given me many sons—He has chosen Solomon my son to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel.
- 1 Chronicles 28:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd He said to me, ‘Solomon your son is the one who will build My house and My courts, for I have chosen him as My son, and I will be his Father.
- 1 Chronicles 28:7Referred to, not namedI will establish his kingdom forever, if he resolutely carries out My commandments and ordinances, as is being done this day.’
- 1 Chronicles 28:9שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAs for you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve Him wholeheartedly and with a willing mind, for the LORD searches every heart and understands the intent of every thought. If you seek Him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake Him, He will reject you forever.
- 1 Chronicles 28:10Referred to, not namedConsider now that the LORD has chosen you to build a house for the sanctuary. Be strong and do it.”
- 1 Chronicles 28:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen David gave his son Solomon the plans for the portico of the temple, its buildings, storehouses, upper rooms, inner rooms, and the room for the mercy seat.
- 1 Chronicles 28:20שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonDavid also said to Solomon his son, “Be strong and courageous, and do it. Do not be afraid or discouraged, for the LORD God, my God, is with you. He will neither fail you nor forsake you before all the work for the service of the house of the LORD is finished.
- 1 Chronicles 28:21Referred to, not namedThe divisions of the priests and Levites are ready for all the service of the house of God, and every willing man of every skill will be at your disposal for the work. The officials and all the people are fully at your command.”
- 1 Chronicles 29:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen King David said to the whole assembly, “My son Solomon, the one whom God has chosen, is young and inexperienced. The task is great because this palace is not for man, but for the LORD God.
- 1 Chronicles 29:19שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd give my son Solomon a whole heart to keep and carry out all Your commandments, decrees, and statutes, and to build Your palace for which I have made provision.”
- 1 Chronicles 29:22שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThat day they ate and drank with great joy in the presence of the LORD. Then, for a second time, they designated David’s son Solomon as king, anointing him before the LORD as ruler, and Zadok as the priest.
- 1 Chronicles 29:23שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Solomon sat on the throne of the LORD as king in place of his father David. He prospered, and all Israel obeyed him.
- 1 Chronicles 29:24שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAll the officials and mighty men, as well as all of King David’s sons, pledged their allegiance to King Solomon.
- 1 Chronicles 29:25שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe LORD highly exalted Solomon in the sight of all Israel and bestowed on him royal majesty such as had not been bestowed on any king in Israel before him.
- 1 Chronicles 29:28שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonHe died at a ripe old age, full of years, riches, and honor, and his son Solomon reigned in his place.
- 2 Chronicles 1:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow Solomon son of David established himself securely over his kingdom, and the LORD his God was with him and highly exalted him.
- 2 Chronicles 1:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon spoke to all Israel, to the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, to the judges, and to every leader in all Israel—the heads of the families.
- 2 Chronicles 1:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Solomon and the whole assembly went to the high place at Gibeon because it was the location of God’s Tent of Meeting, which Moses the servant of the LORD had made in the wilderness.
- 2 Chronicles 1:5שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonBut the bronze altar made by Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, was in Gibeon before the tabernacle of the LORD. So Solomon and the assembly inquired of Him there.
- 2 Chronicles 1:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon offered sacrifices there before the LORD on the bronze altar at the Tent of Meeting, where he offered a thousand burnt offerings.
- 2 Chronicles 1:7שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThat night God appeared to Solomon and said, “Ask, and I will give it to you!”
- 2 Chronicles 1:8שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon replied to God: “You have shown much loving devotion to my father David, and You have made me king in his place.
- 2 Chronicles 1:9Referred to, not namedNow, O LORD God, let Your promise to my father David be fulfilled. For You have made me king over a people as numerous as the dust of the earth.
- 2 Chronicles 1:10Referred to, not namedNow grant me wisdom and knowledge, so that I may lead this people. For who is able to govern this great people of Yours?”
- 2 Chronicles 1:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonGod said to Solomon, “Since this was in your heart instead of requesting riches or wealth or honor for yourself or death for your enemies—and since you have not even requested long life but have asked for wisdom and knowledge to govern My people over whom I have made you king—
- 2 Chronicles 1:12Referred to, not named…therefore wisdom and knowledge have been granted to you. And I will also give you riches and wealth and honor unlike anything given to the kings before you or after you.”
- 2 Chronicles 1:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Solomon went to Jerusalem from the high place in Gibeon, from before the Tent of Meeting, and he reigned over Israel.
- 2 Chronicles 1:14שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon accumulated 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses, which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 1:16שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue.
- 2 Chronicles 2:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow Solomon purposed to build a house for the Name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself.
- 2 Chronicles 2:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo he conscripted 70,000 porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors.
- 2 Chronicles 2:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon sent word to Hiram king of Tyre: “Do for me as you did for my father David when you sent him cedars to build himself a house to live in.
- 2 Chronicles 2:4Referred to, not namedBehold, I am about to build a house for the Name of the LORD my God to dedicate to Him for burning fragrant incense before Him, for displaying the showbread continuously, and for making burnt offerings every morning and evening as well as on the Sabbaths, New Moons, and appointed feasts of the LORD our God. This is ordained for Israel forever.
- 2 Chronicles 2:5Referred to, not namedThe house that I am building will be great, for our God is greater than all gods.
- 2 Chronicles 2:6Referred to, not namedBut who is able to build a house for Him, since the heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain Him? Who then am I, that I should build a house for Him, except as a place to burn sacrifices before Him?
- 2 Chronicles 2:7Referred to, not namedSend me, therefore, a craftsman skilled in engraving to work with gold and silver, with bronze and iron, and with purple, crimson, and blue yarn. He will work with my craftsmen in Judah and Jerusalem, whom my father David provided.
- 2 Chronicles 2:8Referred to, not namedSend me also cedar, cypress, and algum logs from Lebanon, for I know that your servants have skill to cut timber there. And indeed, my servants will work with yours
- 2 Chronicles 2:9Referred to, not named…to prepare for me timber in abundance, because the temple I am building will be great and wonderful.
- 2 Chronicles 2:10Referred to, not namedI will pay your servants, the woodcutters, 20,000 cors of ground wheat, 20,000 cors of barley, 20,000 baths of wine, and 20,000 baths of olive oil.”
- 2 Chronicles 2:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Hiram king of Tyre wrote a letter in reply to Solomon: “Because the LORD loves His people, He has set you over them as king.”
- 2 Chronicles 2:14Referred to, not namedHe is the son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father is a man of Tyre. He is skilled in work with gold and silver, bronze and iron, stone and wood, purple, blue, and crimson yarn, and fine linen. He is experienced in every kind of engraving and can execute any design that is given him. He will work with your craftsmen and with those of my lord, your father David.
- 2 Chronicles 2:17שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon numbered all the foreign men in the land of Israel following the census his father David had conducted, and there were found to be 153,600 in all.
- 2 Chronicles 2:18Referred to, not namedSolomon made 70,000 of them porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors.
- 2 Chronicles 3:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon began to build the house of the LORD in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah, where the LORD had appeared to his father David. This was the place that David had prepared on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
- 2 Chronicles 3:2Referred to, not namedSolomon began construction on the second day of the second month in the fourth year of his reign.
- 2 Chronicles 3:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe foundation that Solomon laid for the house of God was sixty cubits long and twenty cubits wide, according to the old standard.
- 2 Chronicles 3:4Referred to, not namedThe portico at the front, extending across the width of the temple, was twenty cubits long and twenty cubits high. He overlaid the inside with pure gold.
- 2 Chronicles 3:5Referred to, not namedHe paneled the main room with cypress, which he overlaid with fine gold and decorated with palm trees and chains.
- 2 Chronicles 3:6Referred to, not namedHe adorned the temple with precious stones for beauty, and its gold was from Parvaim.
- 2 Chronicles 3:7Referred to, not namedHe overlaid its beams, thresholds, walls, and doors with gold, and he carved cherubim on the walls.
- 2 Chronicles 3:8Referred to, not namedThen he made the Most Holy Place; its length corresponded to the width of the temple—twenty cubits long and twenty cubits wide. And he overlaid the inside with six hundred talents of fine gold.
- 2 Chronicles 3:9Referred to, not namedThe weight of the nails was fifty shekels of gold. He also overlaid the upper rooms with gold.
- 2 Chronicles 3:10Referred to, not namedIn the Most Holy Place he made two cherubim of sculptured work, and he overlaid them with gold.
- 2 Chronicles 3:14Referred to, not namedHe made the veil of blue, purple, and crimson yarn and fine linen, with cherubim woven into it.
- 2 Chronicles 3:15Referred to, not namedIn front of the temple he made two pillars, which together were thirty-five cubits high, each with a capital on top measuring five cubits.
- 2 Chronicles 3:16Referred to, not namedHe made interwoven chains and put them on top of the pillars. He made a hundred pomegranates and fastened them into the chainwork.
- 2 Chronicles 3:17Referred to, not namedThen he set up the pillars in front of the temple, one on the south and one on the north. The pillar on the south he named Jachin, and the pillar on the north he named Boaz.
- 2 Chronicles 4:1Referred to, not namedHe made a bronze altar twenty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and ten cubits high.
- 2 Chronicles 4:2Referred to, not namedHe also made the Sea of cast metal. It was circular in shape, measuring ten cubits from rim to rim, five cubits in height, and thirty cubits in circumference.
- 2 Chronicles 4:6Referred to, not namedHe also made ten basins for washing and placed five on the south side and five on the north. The parts of the burnt offering were rinsed in them, but the priests used the Sea for washing.
- 2 Chronicles 4:7Referred to, not namedHe made ten gold lampstands according to their specifications and placed them in the temple, five on the south side and five on the north.
- 2 Chronicles 4:8Referred to, not namedAdditionally, he made ten tables and placed them in the temple, five on the south side and five on the north. He also made a hundred gold bowls.
- 2 Chronicles 4:9Referred to, not namedHe made the courtyard of the priests and the large court with its doors, and he overlaid the doors with bronze.
- 2 Chronicles 4:10Referred to, not namedHe put the Sea on the south side, at the southeast corner.
- 2 Chronicles 4:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAdditionally, Huram made the pots, shovels, and sprinkling bowls. So Huram finished the work that he had undertaken for King Solomon in the house of God:
- 2 Chronicles 4:16שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…and the pots, shovels, meat forks, and all the other articles. All these objects that Huram-abi made for King Solomon for the house of the LORD were of polished bronze.
- 2 Chronicles 4:18שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon made all these articles in such great abundance that the weight of the bronze could not be determined.
- 2 Chronicles 4:19שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon also made all the furnishings for the house of God: the golden altar; the tables on which was placed the Bread of the Presence;
- 2 Chronicles 5:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo all the work that Solomon had performed for the house of the LORD was completed. Then Solomon brought in the items his father David had dedicated—the silver, the gold, and all the furnishings—and he placed them in the treasuries of the house of God.
- 2 Chronicles 5:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAt that time Solomon assembled in Jerusalem the elders of Israel—all the tribal heads and family leaders of the Israelites—to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD from Zion, the City of David.