Solomon
The name Solomon means “peaceable; perfect; one who recompenses”
Summary
Profile
Solomon was the third king of Israel and the second son of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:13–25). He ruled for forty years, from 971 to 931 BC. When Solomon first became king he had strong faith in God. But, he ended his life worshiping idols, which led to the destruction of his kingdom.
As King David neared death, his son Adonijah tried to make himself king with support from the priest Abiathar and the general Joab (1 Kings 1:1–53). However, the kingdom was promised to Solomon (1 Kings 1:17; see 2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Chronicles 28:4–7). So, Bathsheba and the prophet Nathan told David about Adonijah’s plans. David quickly arranged for Solomon to be officially declared king. Then David advised Solomon to follow God faithfully (1 Kings 2:1–9).
Solomon loved God and asked for his help. God offered him a gift, and Solomon chose wisdom over long life, riches, or fame. As a result, God granted Solomon all of these:
He ruled wisely (1 Kings 3:16–28).
He earned worldwide respect (1 Kings 4:20–34).
He wrote the Song of Songs, most of Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes.
Rabbis (Jewish teachers) said these books reflect three stages of his life: “When a man is young he composes songs; when he grows older he makes sententious remarks; and when he becomes an old man he speaks of the vanity of things” (Midrash Rabbah). He also built the temple in Jerusalem and his palace. He expanded trade and increased Israel's wealth and security. His wisdom and wealth were famous. The queen of Sheba visited Jerusalem to see him herself (1 Kings 10:1–29).
Solomon made many foreign alliances and married many foreign women, starting with the daughter of Egypt’s pharaoh (1 Kings 3:1). His foreign wives led him away from God and toward idols. Later in life, Solomon, once wise, became very foolish under their influence. He worshiped false gods and treated his people badly. As a result, God used Jeroboam to take away a large part of Solomon's kingdom.
Even so, the New Testament remembers Solomon’s wisdom and glory as the example by which others are judged. Jesus is the incarnation of God's wisdom (or God's wisdom in human form), which greatly exceeds Solomon's (Matthew 12:42; Luke 11:31).
Passages for Further Study
2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Kings 1:1–11:43; 2 Chronicles 1:1–9:31; Psalms 72:1–20; 127:1–5; Proverbs 1:1; Matthew 6:28–30; 12:42; Luke 11:31; 12:27
Events
Glossary entries
Family members
Family tree
Alternative names
- Σολομών, ΣαλωμώνSolomon
- יְדִידְיָהJedidiahmeans “beloved of the Lord”
- שְׁלֹמֹהSolomon
Mentions
Includes 171 verses that refer to Solomon without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.
- 2 Chronicles 5:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThere, before the ark, King Solomon and the whole congregation of Israel who had assembled with him sacrificed so many sheep and oxen that they could not be counted or numbered.
- 2 Chronicles 6:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon declared: “The LORD has said that He would dwell in the thick cloud.
- 2 Chronicles 6:2Referred to, not namedBut I have built You an exalted house, a place for You to dwell forever.”
- 2 Chronicles 6:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow Solomon had made a bronze platform five cubits long, five cubits wide, and three cubits high and had placed it in the middle of the courtyard. He stood on it, knelt down before the whole assembly of Israel, spread out his hands toward heaven,
- 2 Chronicles 6:14Referred to, not named…and said: “O LORD, God of Israel, there is no God like You in heaven or on earth, keeping Your covenant of loving devotion with Your servants who walk before You with all their hearts.
- 2 Chronicles 6:15Referred to, not namedYou have kept Your promise to Your servant, my father David. What You spoke with Your mouth You have fulfilled with Your hand this day.
- 2 Chronicles 6:16Referred to, not namedTherefore now, O LORD, God of Israel, keep for Your servant, my father David, what You promised when You said: ‘You will never fail to have a man to sit before Me on the throne of Israel, if only your descendants guard their way to walk in My law as you have walked before Me.’
- 2 Chronicles 6:18Referred to, not namedBut will God indeed dwell with man upon the earth? The heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain You, much less this temple I have built.
- 2 Chronicles 6:19Referred to, not namedYet regard the prayer and plea of Your servant, O LORD my God, so that You may hear the cry and the prayer that Your servant is praying before You.
- 2 Chronicles 6:31Referred to, not named…so that they may fear You and walk in Your ways all the days they live in the land that You gave to our fathers.
- 2 Chronicles 6:33Referred to, not named…then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You. Then all the peoples of the earth will know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, and they will know that this house I have built is called by Your Name.
- 2 Chronicles 6:34Referred to, not namedWhen Your people go to war against their enemies, wherever You send them, and when they pray to You in the direction of this city You have chosen and the house I have built for Your Name,
- 2 Chronicles 6:38Referred to, not named…and when they return to You with all their heart and soul in the land of the enemies who took them captive, and when they pray in the direction of the land that You gave to their fathers, the city You have chosen, and the house I have built for Your Name,
- 2 Chronicles 7:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen Solomon had finished praying, fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of the LORD filled the temple.
- 2 Chronicles 7:5שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd King Solomon offered a sacrifice of 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the people dedicated the house of God.
- 2 Chronicles 7:7שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon consecrated the middle of the courtyard in front of the house of the LORD, and there he offered the burnt offerings and the fat of the peace offerings, since the bronze altar he had made could not hold all these offerings.
- 2 Chronicles 7:8שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo at that time Solomon and all Israel with him—a very great assembly of people from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt—kept the feast for seven days.
- 2 Chronicles 7:10שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonOn the twenty-third day of the seventh month, Solomon sent the people away to their homes, joyful and glad of heart for the good things that the LORD had done for David, for Solomon, and for His people Israel.
- 2 Chronicles 7:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen Solomon had finished the house of the LORD and the royal palace, successfully carrying out all that was in his heart to do for the house of the LORD and for his own palace,
- 2 Chronicles 7:12שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…the LORD appeared to him at night and said to him: “I have heard your prayer and have chosen this place for Myself as a house of sacrifice.
- 2 Chronicles 7:17Referred to, not namedAnd as for you, if you walk before Me as your father David walked, doing all I have commanded you, and if you keep My statutes and ordinances,
- 2 Chronicles 7:18Referred to, not named…then I will establish your royal throne, as I covenanted with your father David when I said, ‘You will never fail to have a man to rule over Israel.’
- 2 Chronicles 7:19Referred to, not namedBut if you turn away and forsake the statutes and commandments I have set before you, and if you go off to serve and worship other gods,
- 2 Chronicles 8:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow at the end of the twenty years during which Solomon had built the house of the LORD and his own palace,
- 2 Chronicles 8:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon rebuilt the cities Hiram had given him and settled Israelites there.
- 2 Chronicles 8:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon went to Hamath-zobah and captured it.
- 2 Chronicles 8:4Referred to, not namedHe built Tadmor in the wilderness, in addition to all the store cities that he had built in Hamath.
- 2 Chronicles 8:5Referred to, not namedHe rebuilt Upper and Lower Beth-horon as fortified cities with walls, gates, and bars,
- 2 Chronicles 8:6שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…as well as Baalath, all the store cities that belonged to Solomon, and all the cities for his chariots and horses—whatever he desired to build in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout the land of his dominion.
- 2 Chronicles 8:8שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites had not destroyed—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.
- 2 Chronicles 8:9שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonBut Solomon did not consign any of the Israelites to slave labor, because they were his men of war, the leaders of his captains, and the commanders of his chariots and cavalry.
- 2 Chronicles 8:10שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThey were also the chief officers for King Solomon: 250 supervisors.
- 2 Chronicles 8:11שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon brought the daughter of Pharaoh up from the City of David to the palace he had built for her. For he said, “My wife must not live in the house of David king of Israel, because the places the ark of the LORD has entered are holy.”
- 2 Chronicles 8:12שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAt that time Solomon offered burnt offerings to the LORD on the altar of the LORD he had built in front of the portico.
- 2 Chronicles 8:14Referred to, not namedIn keeping with the ordinances of his father David, Solomon appointed the divisions of the priests over their service, and the Levites for their duties to offer praise and to minister before the priests according to the daily requirement. He also appointed gatekeepers by their divisions at each gate, for this had been the command of David, the man of God.
- 2 Chronicles 8:16שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThus all the work of Solomon was carried out, from the day the foundation was laid for the house of the LORD until it was finished. So the house of the LORD was completed.
- 2 Chronicles 8:17שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen Solomon went to Ezion-geber and to Eloth on the coast of Edom.
- 2 Chronicles 8:18שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo Hiram sent him ships captained by his servants, along with crews of experienced sailors. They went with Solomon’s servants to Ophir and acquired from there 450 talents of gold, which they delivered to King Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 9:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonNow when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon, she came to test him with difficult questions. She arrived in Jerusalem with a very large caravan—with camels bearing spices, gold in abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke with him about all that was on her mind.
- 2 Chronicles 9:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Solomon answered all her questions; nothing was too difficult for him to explain.
- 2 Chronicles 9:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen the queen of Sheba saw the wisdom of Solomon, the palace he had built,
- 2 Chronicles 9:4Referred to, not named…the food at his table, the seating of his servants, the service and attire of his attendants, the attire of his cupbearers, and the burnt offerings he presented at the house of the LORD, it took her breath away.
- 2 Chronicles 9:9שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen she gave the king 120 talents of gold, a great quantity of spices, and precious stones. There had never been such spices as those the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 9:10שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon(The servants of Hiram and of Solomon who brought gold from Ophir also brought algum wood and precious stones.
- 2 Chronicles 9:12שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all she desired—whatever she asked—far more than she had brought the king. Then she left and returned to her own country, along with her servants.
- 2 Chronicles 9:13שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents,
- 2 Chronicles 9:14שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon…not including the revenue from the merchants and traders. And all the Arabian kings and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 9:15שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonKing Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; six hundred shekels of hammered gold went into each shield.
- 2 Chronicles 9:20שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAll King Solomon’s drinking cups were gold, and all the utensils of the House of the Forest of Lebanon were pure gold. There was no silver, because it was accounted as nothing in the days of Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 9:22שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.
- 2 Chronicles 9:23שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAll the kings of the earth sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart.
- 2 Chronicles 9:25שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon had 4,000 stalls for horses and chariots, and 12,000 horses, which he stationed in the chariot cities and also with him in Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 9:26Referred to, not namedHe reigned over all the kings from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt.
- 2 Chronicles 9:28שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and from all the lands.
- 2 Chronicles 9:29שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAs for the rest of the acts of Solomon, from beginning to end, are they not written in the Records of Nathan the Prophet, in the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the Visions of Iddo the Seer concerning Jeroboam son of Nebat?
- 2 Chronicles 9:30שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSolomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years.
- 2 Chronicles 9:31שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonAnd Solomon rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of his father David. And his son Rehoboam reigned in his place.
- 2 Chronicles 10:2שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonWhen Jeroboam son of Nebat heard about this, he returned from Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 10:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How do you advise me to respond to these people?” he asked.
- 2 Chronicles 11:3שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon“Tell Rehoboam son of Solomon king of Judah and all the Israelites in Judah and Benjamin
- 2 Chronicles 11:17שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo they strengthened the kingdom of Judah and supported Rehoboam son of Solomon for three years, because they walked for three years in the way of David and Solomon.
- 2 Chronicles 12:9שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo King Shishak of Egypt attacked Jerusalem and seized the treasures of the house of the LORD and of the royal palace. He took everything, including the gold shields that Solomon had made.
- 2 Chronicles 13:6שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonYet Jeroboam son of Nebat, a servant of Solomon son of David, rose up and rebelled against his master.
- 2 Chronicles 13:7שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThen worthless and wicked men gathered around him to resist Rehoboam son of Solomon when he was young, inexperienced, and unable to resist them.
- 2 Chronicles 30:26שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonSo there was great rejoicing in Jerusalem, for nothing like this had happened there since the days of Solomon son of David king of Israel.
- 2 Chronicles 33:7שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonManasseh even took the carved image he had made and set it up in the house of God, of which God had said to David and his son Solomon, “In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will establish My Name forever.
- 2 Chronicles 35:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonTo the Levites who taught all Israel and were holy to the LORD, Josiah said: “Put the holy ark in the temple built by Solomon son of David king of Israel. It is not to be carried around on your shoulders. Now serve the LORD your God and His people Israel.
- 2 Chronicles 35:4שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonPrepare yourselves by families in your divisions, according to the instructions written by David king of Israel and Solomon his son.
- Ezra 2:55שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe descendants of the servants of Solomon: the descendants of Sotai, the descendants of Hassophereth, the descendants of Peruda,
- Ezra 2:58שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe temple servants and descendants of the servants of Solomon numbered 392 in all.
- Nehemiah 7:57שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe descendants of the servants of Solomon: the descendants of Sotai, the descendants of Sophereth, the descendants of Perida,
- Nehemiah 7:60שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThe temple servants and descendants of the servants of Solomon numbered 392 in all.
- Nehemiah 11:3שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThese are the heads of the provinces who settled in Jerusalem. (In the villages of Judah, however, each lived on his own property in their towns—the Israelites, priests, Levites, temple servants, and descendants of Solomon’s servants—
- Nehemiah 12:45שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThey performed the service of their God and the service of purification, along with the singers and gatekeepers, as David and his son Solomon had prescribed.
- Nehemiah 13:26שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonDid not King Solomon of Israel sin in matters like this? There was not a king like him among many nations, and he was loved by his God, who made him king over all Israel—yet foreign women drew him into sin.
- Psalm 72:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonOf Solomon. Endow the king with Your justice, O God, and the son of the king with Your righteousness.
- Psalm 127:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonA song of ascents. Of Solomon. Unless the LORD builds the house, its builders labor in vain; unless the LORD protects the city, its watchmen stand guard in vain.
- Proverbs 1:1שְׁלֹמֹה · SolomonThese are the proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel,
- Proverbs 1:8Referred to, not namedListen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother.
- Proverbs 1:10Referred to, not namedMy son, if sinners entice you, do not yield to them.
- Proverbs 1:15Referred to, not named…my son, do not walk the road with them or set foot upon their path.
- Proverbs 2:1Referred to, not namedMy son, if you accept my words and hide my commandments within you,
- Proverbs 3:1Referred to, not namedMy son, do not forget my teaching, but let your heart keep my commandments;
- Proverbs 3:11Referred to, not namedMy son, do not reject the discipline of the LORD, and do not loathe His rebuke;
- Proverbs 3:21Referred to, not namedMy son, do not lose sight of this: Preserve sound judgment and discernment.
- Proverbs 4:2Referred to, not namedFor I give you sound teaching; do not abandon my directive.
- Proverbs 4:3Referred to, not namedWhen I was a son to my father, tender and the only child of my mother,
- Proverbs 4:4Referred to, not named…he taught me and said, “Let your heart lay hold of my words; keep my commands and you will live.
- Proverbs 4:5Referred to, not namedGet wisdom, get understanding; do not forget my words or turn from them.
- Proverbs 4:6Referred to, not namedDo not forsake wisdom, and she will preserve you; love her, and she will guard you.
- Proverbs 4:7Referred to, not namedWisdom is supreme; so acquire wisdom. And whatever you may acquire, gain understanding.
- Proverbs 4:8Referred to, not namedPrize her, and she will exalt you; if you embrace her, she will honor you.
- Proverbs 4:9Referred to, not namedShe will set a garland of grace on your head; she will present you with a crown of beauty.”
- Proverbs 4:10Referred to, not namedListen, my son, and receive my words, and the years of your life will be many.
- Proverbs 4:11Referred to, not namedI will guide you in the way of wisdom; I will lead you on straight paths.
- Proverbs 4:20Referred to, not namedMy son, pay attention to my words; incline your ear to my sayings.
- Proverbs 5:1Referred to, not namedMy son, pay attention to my wisdom; incline your ear to my insight,
- Proverbs 5:7Referred to, not namedSo now, my sons, listen to me, and do not turn aside from the words of my mouth.
- Proverbs 5:20Referred to, not namedWhy be captivated, my son, by an adulteress, or embrace the bosom of a stranger?
- Proverbs 6:1Referred to, not namedMy son, if you have put up security for your neighbor, if you have struck hands in pledge with a stranger,