Exodus 12

Modern

Literal

The First Passover

¹Now the LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,

¹And YHWH said to Moses and to Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,

²“This month is the beginning of months for you; it shall be the first month of your year.

²“This month shall be for you the beginning of months; it shall be for you the first of the months of the year.

³Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a lamb^a for his family, one per household.

³Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, on the tenth of this month, and they shall take for themselves—each man—a lamb, according to the house of the fathers, a lamb for a house.

⁴If the household is too small for a whole lamb, they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, and apportion the lamb accordingly.

⁴And if the house is too small for a lamb, then he and his neighbor who is near to his house shall take it by the number of souls, each man according to the mouth of his eating, you shall count for the lamb.

⁵Your lamb must be an unblemished year-old male, and you may take it from the sheep or the goats.

⁵An unblemished lamb, a male, a son of a year, shall be for you. You shall take it from the sheep or from the goats.

⁶You must keep it until the fourteenth day of the month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel will slaughter the animals at twilight.^a

⁶And it shall be kept for you until the four and tenth day of this month. And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall slaughter it between the evenings,

⁷They are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes^a of the houses where they eat the lambs.

⁷and they shall take from the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel on the houses in which they shall eat it.

⁸They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

⁸And they shall eat the flesh on this night; roasted in fire and with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.

⁹Do not eat any of the meat raw or cooked in boiling water, but only roasted over the fire—its head and legs and inner parts.

⁹You shall not eat from it raw or boiled boiling—in water—but only roasted in fire, its head with its legs, and with its entrails.

¹⁰Do not leave any of it until morning; before the morning you must burn up any part that is left over.

¹⁰And you shall not leave from it until morning. And what remains from it until morning you shall burn with the fire.

¹¹This is how you are to eat it: You must be fully dressed for travel,^a with your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. You are to eat in haste; it is the LORD’s Passover.

¹¹And thus you shall eat it: your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste. It is YHWH's Passover.

¹²On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn male, both man and beast, and I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD.

¹²And I will pass through the land of Egypt on this night, and I will strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man even to beast; and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments. I am YHWH.

¹³The blood on the houses where you are staying will be a sign; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will fall on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

¹³And the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and I will see the blood, and I will pass over you, and there shall not be among you a plague for destruction, in my striking in the land of Egypt.

The Feast of Unleavened Bread

¹⁴And this day will be a memorial for you, and you are to celebrate it as a feast to the LORD, as a permanent statute for the generations to come.

¹⁴And this day shall be for you a memorial, and you shall celebrate it. as a feast to YHWH throughout your generations an everlasting—statute—you shall celebrate it.

¹⁵For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you are to remove the leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.

¹⁵Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; indeed, on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses, for anyone eating leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.

¹⁶On the first day you are to hold a sacred assembly, and another on the seventh day. You must not do any work on those days, except to prepare the meals—that is all you may do.

¹⁶And on the first day there shall be for you a holy convocation, and on the seventh day, a holy convocation. No manner of work shall be done on them, except that which every soul must eat—that alone may be done by you.

¹⁷So you are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread,^a for on this very day I brought your divisions out of the land of Egypt. You must keep this day as a permanent statute for the generations to come.

¹⁷And you shall keep the Unleavened, for on this same day I brought out your armies from the land of Egypt. And you shall keep this day throughout your generations—an everlasting statute.

¹⁸In the first month you are to eat unleavened bread, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day.

¹⁸In the first month, on the four and tenth day of the month, in the evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the first and twentieth day of the month in the evening.

¹⁹For seven days there must be no leaven found in your houses. If anyone eats something leavened, that person, whether a foreigner or native of the land, must be cut off from the congregation of Israel.

¹⁹Seven days leaven shall not be found in your houses; for anyone eating what is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, among the sojourner and among the native of the land.

²⁰You are not to eat anything leavened; eat unleavened bread in all your homes.”

²⁰Anything leavened you shall not eat; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.”

²¹Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and told them, “Go at once and select for yourselves a lamb for each family, and slaughter the Passover lamb.

²¹And Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Draw out and take for yourselves lambs according to your families, and slaughter the Passover.

²²Take a cluster of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin, and brush the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out the door of his house until morning.

²²And you shall take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and you shall touch it to the lintel and to the two doorposts from the blood that is in the basin. and you—each man—shall not go out from the door of his house until morning.

²³When the LORD passes through to strike down the Egyptians, He will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway; so He will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down.

²³And YHWH will pass through to strike Egypt, and He will see the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, and YHWH will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you.

²⁴And you are to keep this command as a permanent statute for you and your descendants.

²⁴And you shall keep this word as a statute for you and for your sons unto eternity.

²⁵When you enter the land that the LORD will give you as He promised, you are to keep this service.

²⁵And it shall come to pass, when you come to the land that YHWH will give to you as He has spoken, that you will keep this service.

²⁶When your children ask you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’

²⁶And it shall be, when your sons say to you, ‘What is this service to you?’

²⁷you are to reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck down the Egyptians and spared our homes.’”

Then the people bowed down and worshiped.

²⁷And you shall say, ‘It is a sacrifice of Passover to YHWH, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He struck Egypt, and our houses He delivered.’” And the people bowed their heads and worshiped.

²⁸And the Israelites went and did just what the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.

²⁸And the sons of Israel went and did as YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron; so they did.

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

²⁹Now at midnight the LORD struck down every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon, as well as all the firstborn among the livestock.

²⁹And it came to pass at midnight that YHWH struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who is in the house of the pit, and every firstborn of a beast.

³⁰During the night Pharaoh got up—he and all his officials and all the Egyptians—and there was loud wailing in Egypt; for there was no house without someone dead.

³⁰And Pharaoh rose in the night, he and all his servants and all Egypt, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not a dead person.

The Exodus Begins

³¹Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Get up, leave my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, worship the LORD as you have requested.

³¹And he called for Moses and for Aaron by night and said, “Rise, go out from the midst of my people, both you and the sons of Israel. And go, serve YHWH, according to your word.

³²Take your flocks and herds as well, just as you have said, and depart! And bless me also.”

³²Also take your flocks and also your herds as you have spoken, and go, and bless me also!”

³³And in order to send them out of the land quickly, the Egyptians urged the people on. “For otherwise,” they said, “we are all going to die!”

³³And the Egyptians were strong upon the people to hasten to send them out from the land, for they said, “We are all dead people!”

³⁴So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.

³⁴And the people carried their dough before it was leavened, having bound up their kneading bowls in their clothes on their shoulders.

³⁵Furthermore, the Israelites acted on Moses’ word and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold, and for clothing.

³⁵And the sons of Israel did according to the word of Moses, and they asked from the Egyptians articles of silver, and articles of gold, and clothing.

³⁶And the LORD gave the people such favor in the sight of the Egyptians that they granted their request. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.

³⁶And YHWH gave the people favor in the eyes of Egypt, and they granted their request; and they plundered Egypt.

³⁷The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth^a with about 600,000 men on foot, besides women and children.

³⁷And the sons of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, apart from little ones.

³⁸And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.

³⁸And a mixed multitude also went up with them, and flock and herd—very much livestock.

³⁹Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

³⁹And they baked the dough that they brought out from Egypt, of unleavened cakes, for it was not leavened for they were driven out from Egypt and were not able to delay, and also they had not made provisions for themselves.

⁴⁰Now the duration of the Israelites’ stay in Egypt^a was 430 years.

⁴⁰And the dwelling of the sons of Israel who lived in Egypt thirty years. and four hundred years

⁴¹At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the LORD’s divisions went out of the land of Egypt.

⁴¹And it came to pass at the end of thirty years and four hundred years—and it came to pass on this same day—that all the armies of YHWH went out from the land of Egypt.

⁴²Because the LORD kept a vigil that night to bring them out of the land of Egypt, this same night is to be a vigil to the LORD, to be observed by all the Israelites for the generations to come.

⁴²It is a night of vigil for YHWH to bring them out from the land of Egypt. This same night for YHWH, a vigil for all the sons of Israel throughout their generations.

Instructions for the Passover

⁴³And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it.

⁴³And YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: Any son of a foreigner shall not eat of it.

⁴⁴But any slave who has been purchased may eat of it, after you have circumcised him.

⁴⁴And every man’s servant purchased of silver, when you have circumcised him, then he may eat of it.

⁴⁵A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover.

⁴⁵A sojourner and a hireling shall not eat of it.

⁴⁶It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.

⁴⁶In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not bring out from the house any of the flesh outside, and a bone of it you shall not break.

⁴⁷The whole congregation of Israel must celebrate it.

⁴⁷All the congregation of Israel shall do it.

⁴⁸If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, all the males in the household must be circumcised; then he may come near to celebrate it, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it.

⁴⁸And when a sojourner sojourns with you, and he does the Passover to YHWH, every male of his shall be circumcised; and then he may come near to do it, and he shall be as a native of the land. And any uncircumcised person shall not eat of it.

⁴⁹The same law shall apply to both the native and the foreigner who resides among you.”

⁴⁹One law shall be for the native and for the sojourner who is sojourning in your midst.”

⁵⁰Then all the Israelites did this—they did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.

⁵⁰And all the sons of Israel did as YHWH commanded Moses and Aaron; so they did.

⁵¹And on that very day the LORD brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions.

⁵¹And it came to pass on this very same day that YHWH brought out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt by their armies.